漢語(yǔ)日常會(huì)話中的話輪更迭式修正結(jié)構(gòu)之語(yǔ)用學(xué)研究
本文選題:會(huì)話分析 + 漢語(yǔ)日常會(huì)話; 參考:《魯東大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文
【摘要】:會(huì)話修正研究作為會(huì)話分析研究的一個(gè)重要研究領(lǐng)域,最早是由社會(huì)學(xué)家Schgloff等人1977年提出的,上世紀(jì)八十年代以來(lái)引起眾多國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者的廣泛關(guān)注并取得了一定的理論實(shí)踐成果。然而,綜觀國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)會(huì)話修結(jié)構(gòu)正的研究不難發(fā)現(xiàn),先前的研究主要是以英語(yǔ)會(huì)話作為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)漢語(yǔ)研究較少,即使有也多集中在對(duì)某特定場(chǎng)合的漢語(yǔ)會(huì)話的研究上,對(duì)漢語(yǔ)日常會(huì)話的研究屈指可數(shù)。同時(shí),國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)修正結(jié)構(gòu)的研究?jī)H局限于其元語(yǔ)用功能,并未涉及到具有特殊語(yǔ)用功能的修正現(xiàn)象研究。通過(guò)對(duì)漢語(yǔ)日常會(huì)話的持續(xù)觀察和初步分析,作者發(fā)現(xiàn)除了通過(guò)消除會(huì)話中產(chǎn)生的各種麻煩使會(huì)話得以順利進(jìn)行這一功能外,修正結(jié)構(gòu)還常被用來(lái)滿足會(huì)話參與者的某種主觀動(dòng)機(jī),尤其常被會(huì)話參與者用來(lái)作為話輪更迭策略(本文稱(chēng)為話輪更迭式修正結(jié)構(gòu))。因此,本文以此為切入點(diǎn)對(duì)漢語(yǔ)日常會(huì)話中的修正結(jié)構(gòu)的這一特殊語(yǔ)用功能展開(kāi)深入研究。 在語(yǔ)料的收集方面,作者嘗試自建漢語(yǔ)日;卦捫⌒驼Z(yǔ)料庫(kù)。在經(jīng)他人允許的情況下,作者親自錄制了長(zhǎng)達(dá)15小時(shí)的漢語(yǔ)日常會(huì)話,內(nèi)容涉及宿舍、餐廳、家庭聚會(huì)等不同場(chǎng)景,經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)寫(xiě)得到共計(jì)300個(gè)樣本語(yǔ)料。在編輯過(guò)程中,作者對(duì)錄音材料中涉及個(gè)人隱私的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行處理,切實(shí)保護(hù)會(huì)話參與人的匿名權(quán)和材料的使用限制。 在具體研究過(guò)程中,本文以Schegloff, JeffesonSacks等人的修正理論為基礎(chǔ),根據(jù)劉森林關(guān)于話輪更迭策略的分類(lèi),將話輪更迭式修正結(jié)構(gòu)分為:奪取話輪為目的的修正、保住話輪為目的的修正、讓出話輪為目的的修正以修復(fù)冷場(chǎng)為目的的修正四類(lèi)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,作者對(duì)語(yǔ)料庫(kù)中的300個(gè)樣本語(yǔ)料進(jìn)行了定性定量分析,并有以下發(fā)現(xiàn): 首先,通過(guò)對(duì)四類(lèi)話輪更迭式修正結(jié)構(gòu)的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)漢語(yǔ)日常會(huì)話的隨意性及禮貌原則,讓出話輪式修正結(jié)構(gòu)在四種話輪更迭式修正結(jié)構(gòu)中所占比重最大,而修正冷場(chǎng)的修正結(jié)構(gòu)所占比重最小。 其次,針對(duì)SJS提出的自我修正偏好問(wèn)題本文進(jìn)行了分析論證,結(jié)果顯示在漢語(yǔ)日常會(huì)話中,話輪更迭式略修正結(jié)構(gòu)中有大量的自我啟動(dòng)機(jī)會(huì),但在完成過(guò)程中更傾向于他人糾正,,這取決于誰(shuí)更傾向于控制話輪。 再次,通過(guò)對(duì)話輪更迭式修正的失誤源、引導(dǎo)及修正策略進(jìn)行實(shí)例分析,作者發(fā)現(xiàn)詞匯搜索困難是話輪更迭式修正現(xiàn)象中最主要的失誤源,且在讓出話輪為目的的修正現(xiàn)象中,這一特點(diǎn)尤為突出;對(duì)于修正由誰(shuí)引導(dǎo)則主要是由會(huì)話參與者控制話輪的動(dòng)機(jī)決定的,有控制話輪欲望的參與者更容易成為修正現(xiàn)象的引導(dǎo)者,且根據(jù)不同的動(dòng)機(jī)其采取的啟動(dòng)策略各有特點(diǎn);然而,修正策略的采用由于策略的分散性及會(huì)話參與者個(gè)人的習(xí)慣,各種策略所占比列并沒(méi)有明顯的差距。 最后,在以上研究分析的基礎(chǔ)上,作者推演出了漢語(yǔ)日常會(huì)話中話輪更迭式修正結(jié)構(gòu)的基本修正模式,初步揭示了這一基本模式在漢語(yǔ)日常會(huì)話中的運(yùn)行機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:As an important research field in the research of conversation analysis , the research on the revised structure of the conversation is first put forward by sociologists Schgloff et al . in 1977 .
In the collection of corpus , the author attempts to build a small corpus of Chinese daily conversation . In the case of permission of others , the author personally recorded a 15 - hour Chinese daily conversation , which involved dormitory , dining room , family gathering and other different scenes , and through transfer to obtain a total of 300 sample languages . During the editing process , the author handled the content of personal privacy in the recording material , and effectively protected the anonymity of the session participants and the use of material .
In this paper , based on Schegloff and JeffesonSacks ' correction theory , this paper is divided into three categories : the correction of the goal of taking the word wheel , the modification of the preserving phrase wheel , the modification of the goal and the correction of the purpose of the cold field . On this basis , the author makes qualitative and quantitative analysis on 300 samples in corpus , and finds out that :
First , through the statistical analysis of the modified structure of four types of words , it is found that the randomness and the politeness principle of the Chinese daily conversation are the largest , and the proportion of the modified structure of the modified cold field is the smallest .
Secondly , this paper analyzes the self - correction preference problem proposed by SJS . The results show that in the daily conversation of Chinese , there is a lot of self - starting opportunities in the changing structure of the word wheel , but it tends to be corrected by others in the course of completion , which depends on who prefers to control the speech wheel .
Thirdly , through the example analysis of the error source , guide and correction strategy of the alternation type correction of the dialogue wheel , the author finds that the difficulty of lexical search is the most important error source in the change of the word - wheel change type , and this feature is especially prominent in the correction phenomenon for the purpose of giving out the word - wheel .
however , that adoption of the correction strategy has no obvious difference than the column of the strategy and the personal habits of the conversation participants .
Finally , on the basis of the above research and analysis , the author deduces the basic correction model of the changing structure of the conversational wheel in Chinese daily conversation , and preliminarily reveals the operation mechanism of this basic mode in Chinese daily conversation .
【學(xué)位授予單位】:魯東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】:H136
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