發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-15 05:26

  本文選題：漢語(yǔ)方言否定 + 否定標(biāo)記��； 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：漢語(yǔ)否定的研究,多數(shù)成果集中于現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)普通話和古代漢語(yǔ)兩個(gè)方面,而基于方言,從“整體漢語(yǔ)”角度進(jìn)行的系統(tǒng)研究較為缺乏。不進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的比較研究,很難發(fā)現(xiàn)方言與普通話呈現(xiàn)的整體共性,以及跨方言之間、方言與普通話之間的共性與差異。本文試圖站在“整體漢語(yǔ)”的角度,結(jié)合現(xiàn)有語(yǔ)料,選取否定中一些有代表性的問(wèn)題,圍繞這些問(wèn)題對(duì)否定進(jìn)行專題研究。全文共八章,各部分的主要內(nèi)容如下： (一)引論。指出了本文研究的理論背景,對(duì)否定的研究成果進(jìn)行了較為全面的梳理和評(píng)述,并說(shuō)明了本文所使用的研究方法、研究思路以及語(yǔ)料來(lái)源。 (二)否定概說(shuō)。首先指明否定的涵義以及語(yǔ)法學(xué)界對(duì)否定的普遍界定,規(guī)定了本文所要涉及的否定內(nèi)容。然后對(duì)否定的類型、肯定與否定的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系、肯定與否定的不對(duì)稱、否定的跨級(jí)性等問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了綜合論述。 (三)否定形式。這一章選取現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)普通話中最常用的三個(gè)否定標(biāo)記詞“不”、“沒(méi)”、“別”為研究對(duì)象,關(guān)注的問(wèn)題主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：“不”、“沒(méi)”、“別”類詞在方言中的基本類型和地域分布；方言中“不”、“沒(méi)”、“別”類詞區(qū)別于普通話的特殊用法；方言否定動(dòng)詞“沒(méi)”與否定副詞“沒(méi)”的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系；方言否定形式的多樣性(多對(duì)一：多種形式對(duì)應(yīng)一種否定意義)和多義性(一對(duì)多：一種形式表達(dá)多種否定意義)；方言否定嘆詞的使用情況。 (四)否定與疑問(wèn)。把否定與疑問(wèn)相聯(lián)系,首先論述了是非問(wèn)、特指問(wèn)等疑問(wèn)類型同否定的相通性,否定是反復(fù)問(wèn)構(gòu)成的重要手段,反復(fù)問(wèn)與否定關(guān)系密切,本章重點(diǎn)關(guān)注反復(fù)問(wèn)句,討論的問(wèn)題主要有：以否定詞煞尾的反復(fù)問(wèn)的地域分布；反復(fù)問(wèn)句末否定詞的虛實(shí)及其與是非問(wèn)的關(guān)系。本章還順帶總結(jié)了各種反復(fù)問(wèn)(尤其是帶有否定形式的)類型的地域分布、用法特點(diǎn)等問(wèn)題。 (五)否定的指向。首先介紹了否定的指向、右項(xiàng)原則等基本概念,重點(diǎn)討論否定的指向性問(wèn)題,結(jié)合大量方言材料說(shuō)明,否定不僅可以是對(duì)否定標(biāo)記右側(cè)成分的否定,也可以指向否定標(biāo)記左側(cè)的成分。 (六)能性和比較結(jié)構(gòu)的否定形式序列。我們以句子的謂詞為中心,根據(jù)否定形式“不”、“沒(méi)”與謂詞的位置關(guān)系,把含有“不”、“沒(méi)”的能性結(jié)構(gòu)劃分為兩種類型的結(jié)構(gòu)序列,分別是謂前能性否定結(jié)構(gòu)序列與謂后能性否定結(jié)構(gòu)序列。主要討論的問(wèn)題包括有：1、單個(gè)動(dòng)詞“V”的能性否定結(jié)構(gòu)序列。2、動(dòng)賓“V+0”的能性否定結(jié)構(gòu)序列。3、動(dòng)補(bǔ)“V+C”的能性否定結(jié)構(gòu)序列。4、動(dòng)賓補(bǔ)“V+C+O”的能性否定結(jié)構(gòu)序列。5、述補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)中“不”、“沒(méi)”的位置比較。本章還討論了比較結(jié)構(gòu)的否定形式序列。 (七)否定詞的歷時(shí)考察。本章我們綜合歸納了“不”、“沒(méi)”、“別”、“非”類否定詞的歷時(shí)演變情況,從“古——方”考辨的角度,考察了其在方言與古代漢語(yǔ)中的對(duì)應(yīng)性關(guān)系,并研究了古代漢語(yǔ)否定副詞的形義分配問(wèn)題。 (八)結(jié)語(yǔ)�？偨Y(jié)全文,指出本文的基本認(rèn)識(shí),取得的主要成績(jī)與不足之處,并提出了今后值得繼續(xù)探討的課題。
[Abstract]:In the study of Chinese negation, most of the results are concentrated in two aspects of modern Chinese and ancient Chinese, while the systematic research on the "whole Chinese" is relatively lack based on dialects. It is difficult to find the general commonness between dialect and Putonghua without systematic comparative study. In this paper, we try to choose some representative questions in the negative of "the whole Chinese" from the point of view of the present corpus, and make a special study on the negation. The full text is eight chapters, the main contents of each part are as follows:
(1) introduction. It points out the theoretical background of this study, reviews and reviews the negative research results in a more comprehensive way, and explains the research methods used in this paper, the research ideas and the source of the corpus.
(two) the negation of the generality. First, the meaning of negation and the general definition of negation by the grammatical circle, and the negative content that the article is to be defined, and then a comprehensive exposition of the types of negation, the difference and connection between affirmative and negative, the asymmetry of affirmative and negative, and the cross level of negation.
(three) negative form. This chapter selects the three most commonly used negative markers in modern Chinese Mandarin, "no", "no" and "farewell" as the research object. The main concerns are in the following aspects: "no", "no", "no" and "farewell" in the dialect of the basic type and regional distribution; "no" in dialects "no", "no", "" Different words are different from the special usage of Putonghua; dialect negates the corresponding relationship between the "no" verb "no" and the negative adverb "no"; the diversity of the dialectal negation forms (multi to one: multiple forms corresponding to a negative meaning) and the polysemy (one to many: one form expresses a variety of non definite meanings); the use of the negative interjection in dialect.
(four) negative and interrogative. First, to relate the negation to the question, first to discuss the non question, especially the interconnection between the question types and the negation, the negative is the important means of the repeated questions, and the relationship is close to the negation. This chapter focuses on the repeated questions, the main problems in the discussion are the regional distribution of the repeated questions with the negative words; This chapter also summarizes the regional distribution, usage characteristics and other problems of repeated questions (especially with negative forms).
(five) the point of negation. First, it introduces the basic concepts of the direction of negation, the principle of the right item and so on. It focuses on the point of denial, and combines a large number of dialectal materials to explain that negation can not only be the negation of the right side of the negative mark, but also to the component on the left side of the negative mark.
(six) the negative form sequence of energy and comparative structure. We focus on the predicates of the sentence, according to the negative form "no", "no" and the position of the predicate, and divide the energy structure containing "no" and "no" into two types of structural sequences, which are the sequence of predicate negative structural sequence and predicate negative structural sequence respectively. The main topics discussed include: 1, the energetic negative structural sequence.2 of the single verb "V", the energetic negation sequence.3 of the verb object "V+0", the energy negative structural sequence.4 of the verb complement "V+C", the energy negative structural sequence.5 of the verb object complement "V+C+O", the position comparison of "no" and "no" in the verb complement structure. The comparison is also discussed in this chapter. A sequence of negative forms of a structure.
(seven) the diachronic investigation of the negative words. In this chapter, we summarize the diachronic evolution of "no", "no", "farewell" and "non" negative words. From the perspective of "ancient - Fang", we examine their correspondence in dialects and ancient Chinese, and study the distribution of the negative adverbs in ancient Chinese.
(eight) concluding remarks. Summarize the full text, point out the basic understanding, main achievements and shortcomings of this article, and put forward some topics worthy of further discussion in the future.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H17

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本文編號(hào)：1891181