本文選題：“V上”與“V下”　切入點：對稱與不對稱　出處：《南京師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文在對大量語料進行考察的基礎(chǔ)上,首先根據(jù)標記理論確定“V上”是無標記項,“V下”是有標記項,然后從歷時和共時平面上對“V上”與“V下”的對稱與不對稱情況進行描寫,并從句法、語義、語用、認知等角度分析其產(chǎn)生不對稱的原因。 在共時平面上的方位意義上,“V上”與“V下”的不對稱主要體現(xiàn)在移動方向(包括移動的起終點)與方向價上。在移動方向上,“V上”與“V下”雖都可以表示橫向移動與縱向移動但是存在一些差異；“V上”后的賓語只能是表終點的處所賓語,而“V下”后的賓語既可以是表終點的處所賓語也可以是表起點的。在方向價上,“V上”位移句中“V上”與“V下”都分為單價“V上”、雙價“V上”和三價“V上”三類,雖然方向價的數(shù)目相同,但是各方向價內(nèi)部存在一些差異。本文認為其不對稱是由于語言內(nèi)部的制約(主要是受“V上/下”中V的制約)、語言的凸凹原則、終端焦點化及標記顛倒的共同作用。 在共時平面的非方位意義上,考察了“V上”與“V下”在結(jié)果義、狀態(tài)義和語氣義上的對稱與不對稱性。結(jié)果義上,“V上”分為接觸義、出現(xiàn)義、完成義、容納義,達到義、合攏義,“V下”分為脫離義、出現(xiàn)義、完成義、容納義,在脫離義、出現(xiàn)義與完成義上這兩結(jié)構(gòu)既存在對稱的現(xiàn)象又存在不對稱的現(xiàn)象,在容納義上基本對稱,而“V下”沒有“V上”的達到義以及合攏義；狀態(tài)義上,適合“V上”結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞遠多于“V下”；語氣義上,只有“V上”有語氣義,“V下”沒有。本文從認知上的原型效應(yīng)、隱喻理論、意象圖式以及語用上的樂觀原則、禮貌原則與文化心理上進行解釋。 在歷時平面上對四個時期的“V上”與“V下”的使用情況進行描寫,得出“V上”有些義項的產(chǎn)生(橫向上移動的方位義、出現(xiàn)義與狀態(tài)義上)以及“V上”語法化時間要早于“V下”,語法化程度也高于“V下”。這些不對稱也是共時平面上一些不對稱現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的歷時原因。
[Abstract]:Based on the investigation of a large number of corpus, this paper first determines that "V" is an unmarked term, "under V" is a marked term, and then describes the symmetry and asymmetry between "V" and "V" from the diachronic and synchronic plane. The causes of asymmetry are analyzed from syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and cognitive perspectives. In the azimuth sense of the synchronic plane, the asymmetry between "V" and "V" is mainly reflected in the direction of movement (including the starting point of movement) and the directional price. In the direction of movement, "on V" and "under V" can both represent transverse direction. Moving and moving longitudinally, but there are some differences; the object after "V" can only be the place object at the end of the table. And the object after "V" can be either the place object or the starting point. In the directional price, the "V" and "V" in the "V" displacement sentence can be divided into three categories: "V", "V" and "V", and the "V" and "V" are classified into three categories: "V", "V", "V", "V" and "V", respectively. Although the number of directional valence is the same, there are some differences within each directional price. This paper holds that the asymmetry of the directional valence is due to the internal constraints of language (mainly by V in "V up / down", the convex and concave principle of language. The joint action of terminal focus and label reversal. In the non-azimuth sense of synchronic plane, the symmetry and asymmetry between "V" and "V" in result meaning, state meaning and tone meaning are investigated. "under V" is divided into two parts: secession, appearance, completion, inclusion, and so on. The two structures have both symmetrical and asymmetric phenomena in the sense of separation, appearance and completion, and are basically symmetrical in the sense of inclusion. However, "V" has no "on" meaning and close meaning; "V" structure is more suitable for "V" structure than "V" in state sense; "V" has mood meaning only "V" has mood meaning, "V" is not "under V". This paper is based on cognitive prototype effect, metaphor theory, and so on. Image schema and pragmatic optimistic principle, politeness principle and cultural psychological explanation. The use of "V" and "V" in four periods are described on the diachronic plane, and some meanings of "V" are obtained. The grammaticalization time of "V" is earlier than that of "V", and the grammaticalization degree is higher than that of "V". These asymmetries are also the diachronic causes of some asymmetries in the synchronic plane.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H146

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