本文選題：同素異序詞　切入點：界定　出處：《華中師范大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：同素異序這一漢語詞匯現(xiàn)象古已有之,指的是構(gòu)詞語素基本相同,但語素位置互為顛倒的一組詞。近年來多有論著對這個漢語現(xiàn)象進行描寫和闡釋,主要集中于這一詞匯現(xiàn)象名稱的確定、概念的界定、詞匯分類描寫、修辭效果極其規(guī)范等方面。在文獻研究的基礎(chǔ)上,本文著力解決目前研究中稍顯不足的以下三個方面：同素異序這個漢語詞匯現(xiàn)象名稱的確定、同素異序詞內(nèi)部構(gòu)成情況及其系統(tǒng)性、同素異序詞使用頻率及優(yōu)選機制。 針對目前同素異序詞研究現(xiàn)狀的不足,本文首先對同素異序現(xiàn)象進行統(tǒng)一名稱的確定,結(jié)合目前知網(wǎng)中收錄的文獻進行統(tǒng)計發(fā)現(xiàn)“同素異序詞”這個稱謂是使用最為廣泛的一種,因而采用這一知曉度高的稱謂。在此基礎(chǔ)上從“同素”、“異序”、“詞”三個方面對同素異序詞進行了概念上的界定,并發(fā)現(xiàn)了幾種形式上極其具有欺騙性的“偽同素異序詞”。然后以《現(xiàn)代漢語詞典》(第5版)為同素異序詞研究來源,運用語料庫語言學的方法對《現(xiàn)漢》(第5版)中的同素異序詞進行計量和統(tǒng)計,篩查偽同素異序詞之后得到了569組,共1138個詞條。 在計量統(tǒng)計的基礎(chǔ)上,我們對同素異序詞進行了分類描寫,結(jié)構(gòu)上將其分為同素異序同構(gòu)詞和同素異序異構(gòu)詞,從數(shù)量上看,同素同構(gòu)詞占了大多數(shù)。同素異序同構(gòu)詞的內(nèi)部構(gòu)成中,聯(lián)合式及偏正式同構(gòu)詞占絕大多數(shù),還有少量的動賓式同構(gòu)詞。對于聯(lián)合式同素同構(gòu)詞來說,語義上看,以同義關(guān)系為主；相關(guān)聯(lián)合式的構(gòu)詞語素與詞義關(guān)系有共通性和修辭性的特點；反義聯(lián)合式主要表示抽象意義的詞。同素異序異構(gòu)詞的構(gòu)成情況非常復雜,幾乎涵蓋了所有的構(gòu)詞法,而以“偏正—動賓式異構(gòu)詞”所占比例最大。 本文對同素異序詞做了較為全面、系統(tǒng)的分析,創(chuàng)新之處在于對同素異序詞內(nèi)部構(gòu)成進行了系統(tǒng)的分類、統(tǒng)計和描寫,有助于對同素異序詞有系統(tǒng)性的認識。除此之外,還對同素異序詞的優(yōu)選機制做了有益的探索。對于等義的同素同構(gòu)詞來說,經(jīng)北大現(xiàn)代漢語語料庫檢索篩查后發(fā)現(xiàn),語音對其影響是最為明顯的,遵循“陰平—陽平—上聲一去聲”的音節(jié)組合序列為高頻詞,反之則為備選詞。除語音之外,還有語素、語義、語素組合情況會對其使用頻率造成影響。
[Abstract]:The Chinese lexical phenomenon of the same morpheme and different order has existed in ancient times. It refers to a group of words whose morpheme is basically the same, but the morpheme position is reversed each other. In recent years, there have been many works describing and explaining this phenomenon in Chinese. It mainly focuses on the determination of the name of the phenomenon, the definition of the concept, the description of lexical classification, the rhetoric effect and so on. This paper focuses on the following three aspects: the determination of the synonym of the Chinese lexical phenomenon, the internal composition and systematicness of the synonym, the frequency of the use of the synonym and the mechanism of optimal selection. In view of the deficiency of the current research on the synonym disordering, this paper firstly determines the uniform name of the synonym. According to the statistics of the literature collected in Zhiwang at present, it is found that the title "the same element and different order word" is the most widely used one. On the basis of this, the concept of "identical element", "different order" and "word" is defined in terms of "identical element", "different order" and "word". Several deceptive "pseudo-identical and disordered words" are found. Then, the Modern Chinese Dictionary (5th Edition) is used as the source of the research on the same morpheme and different order words. By using the method of corpus linguistics, this paper measures and counts the morpheme and disordering words in "Xianhan" (5th Edition), and obtains 569 groups of 1138 entries after screening the pseudo-morpheme and disordering words. On the basis of econometric statistics, we classify and describe the morpheme and order word, and divide it into two categories: the same element order word and the same element order isomorphism word, from the quantitative point of view, The internal composition of isomorphism isomorphism is the majority of synonyms, and a small number of verb-object isomorphic words are formed in conjunction and partial formal form. In terms of semantic meaning of syntactic isomorphism, there are many synonyms of synonym and partial formal isomorphism, and a small number of verb-object isomorphic words are formed. The relationship between morpheme and word meaning is common and rhetorical, the antonym is mainly used to express abstract meaning, and the structure of isomorphism is very complex. Almost all the word-formation methods are covered, and the proportion of "biased-verb-object isomorphic words" is the largest. This paper makes a more comprehensive and systematic analysis of the synonyms. The innovation lies in the systematic classification, statistics and description of the internal composition of the synonyms, which is helpful to the systematic understanding of the synonyms. This paper also makes a beneficial exploration on the mechanism of the optimal selection of synonyms. For the isonyms of synonyms and synonyms, it is found that pronunciation has the most obvious influence on the synonyms after screening the modern Chinese corpus of Peking University. The syllable combination sequence of "Yin Ping-Yang Ping-Shang Sheng disappearing" is high frequency words and vice versa. In addition to phonetics, there are morpheme, semantics and morpheme combination which will affect its frequency of use.
【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H136

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