本文選題：科學實在論　切入點：指稱　出處：《武漢大學》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：科學實在論和反實在論在真理意義和理論實體的存在問題上一直存在爭論。筆者以語言哲學中對指稱問題的研究為切入點,以科學實在論和反實在論的爭論為線索,試圖通過對科學理論中核心理論詞項的指稱的拯救,來為科學實在論辯護。 全文共五個部分： 第一部分“科學實在論與反實在論之爭”,闡述了科學實在論和反實在論之爭的緣起和現(xiàn)狀,對雙方爭論的焦點做了分析和概括。筆者對實在論和科學實在論的理解做了詳細梳理,分別從形而上學、語義學角度、認識論角度以及科學實在論與經驗主義的關系來概括了科學實在論的基本論點,并從可觀察性、范式的更迭、理論實體和真理理論四方面探討了科學實在論和反實在論的主要分歧。 第二部分“核心理論詞項的指稱問題”,主要通過對何為理論詞項以及理論詞項的意義和實在性等問題,來進一步從語言學角度展開探討。筆者從理論、科學理論以及理論詞項三方面對科學理論中的理論詞項做出理解,并探討了理論詞項的本體論地位和它的意義。 第三部分“語言與實在及科學理論詞項”,從實在和語言的關系、確定指稱對象的依據(jù)以及科學理論詞項的指稱三方面予以論述。其中引出了傳統(tǒng)公認的摹狀詞指稱理論、歷史因果理論指稱理論以及語境論三種確定指稱的理論。至此,筆者通過語言哲學的分析,繼而延伸到對科學理論中共相和理論詞項的指稱問題的討論。 第四部分“反實在論的攻訐——指稱消失”,從本體論、認識論和語義學三個角度,論述了反實在論就科學實在論主張的指稱問題,提出指稱消失的攻擊。 第五部分“如何挽救指稱”,對已有指稱理論及其面臨的問題做了反思,并提出可行性對策。其中包括指稱理論和二維語義學理論。近年來包括科學實在論在內的哲學家對拯救指稱所做的努力以及提供的新啟示,其中包括工具主義、后現(xiàn)代的科學實在論以及向指稱飛躍的理論等。
[Abstract]:There has always been controversy between scientific realism and anti-realism on the existence of truth meaning and theoretical entity. The author takes the study of reference in linguistic philosophy as the starting point and the controversy between scientific realism and anti-realism as the clue. This paper attempts to defend scientific realism by saving the reference of key theoretical terms in scientific theory. The full text consists of five parts:. The first part, "the contention between scientific realism and anti-realism", expounds the origin and present situation of the controversy between scientific realism and anti-realism. The author makes a detailed analysis of the understanding of realism and scientific realism, respectively from the perspective of metaphysics and semantics. From the perspective of epistemology and the relationship between scientific realism and empiricism, this paper summarizes the basic arguments of scientific realism, and from the perspective of observability and paradigm change, The main differences between scientific realism and anti-realism are discussed in four aspects: theoretical entity and truth theory. The second part, "the reference problem of the Core Theory term", mainly discusses the meaning and reality of the theoretical term item and the meaning and reality of the theoretical term item. This paper makes an understanding of the theoretical terms in scientific theory from the three aspects of scientific theory and theoretical terms, and probes into the ontological status and significance of theoretical terms. The third part, "language and reality and scientific theory terms", discusses the relation between reality and language, the basis of determining the reference object and the reference of the scientific theory term, which leads to the traditional accepted description reference theory. The theory of historical causality theory and the theory of contextualism are three kinds of theories for the determination of reference. So far, through the analysis of linguistic philosophy, the author extends to the discussion of the referential problems of the synonyms and theoretical terms in scientific theory. Part 4th "criticism of anti-realism-the disappearance of reference", from the ontology, epistemology and semantics, discusses the reference of anti-realism on the issue of scientific realism, put forward the attack of the disappearance of reference. Part 5th, "how to Save reference", reflects on the existing theory of reference and the problems it faces. And put forward feasible countermeasures, including referential theory and two-dimensional semantics theory. In recent years, philosophers, including scientific realism, have made efforts to save reference and provided new enlightenment, including instrumentalism. Post-modern scientific realism and the theory of the leap to reference and so on.
【學位授予單位】：武漢大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：N02;H0-05
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本文編號：1608150