漢語結果補語與泰語對應形式的對比研究
本文選題:結果補語 切入點:泰語 出處:《北京大學》2013年博士論文 論文類型:學位論文
【摘要】:本文最終想得出來的結果是針對泰國學習者的漢語結果補語教學的有效參考。為此,論文的工作步驟分成3個:1)在泰語語法體系中找出泰語表達結果意義的成分是什么;2)從性質、結構、搭配等3個角度進行漢泰表達結果意義成分的對比分析;3)給目前泰國學習者存在的結果補語的使用問題提供解決的建議和意見。每個工作步驟依如下操作:任務一,對泰語語法著作、學術論文、文章的研究成果進行綜述與分析,即第四章的內容;任務二:基于Chang(2001)的5種漢語動結式類型進行漢泰句式對比研究,即第五章的內容,基于周芳(2006)的充當結果補語的動詞和形容詞的研究成果深入進行漢泰詞語搭配的對比研究,以兩種語言所搭配的相同、相近、相異等三種情況作為對比的主要思路(第六章的內容);任務三:從本文所得出的研究成果,對目前存在的結果補語偏誤問題進行分析,并提供解決的建議和意見,以便做出針對泰國學習者的結果補語教學建議(第七章的內容)。 本文的研究成果共有3個方面,即:漢語結果補語與其泰語對應形式的性質、結構、搭配對應等,研究發(fā)現(xiàn): 1)漢語結果補語在泰語中的對應形式是無標記的連動結構和有標記的復合句。 2)漢語結果補語可以用本項研究基于事件結構的構式提出的“根基結構”對應,作為漢語結果補語句的泰語對應句式。 3)限于周芳(2006)提出的28個搭配頻率高的補語詞的范疇里,將其分為一級詞語9個,二級詞語19個,并進行對比分析得知,漢語和泰語有6個補語詞是漢泰能一對一的對應(屬于漢泰詞語相同的類型);有14個補語詞是屬于漢泰詞語相近的類型,這個類型不能只用一個泰語詞來對應,但是其每個對應詞語都有具體的規(guī)律;有8個補語詞的搭配沒有明確的泰語對應,必須根據(jù)泰語詞語的搭配限制進行選詞(屬于相異的類型)。漢泰詞語搭配相異的類型除了上述8個詞語之外,還有一些屬于詞語型搭配的動結式在泰語里有不同的對應方法,,即有的是詞語型翻譯(泰語用一個詞對應),有的是結構型翻譯(泰語還保留主動詞和結果動詞的搭配結構)。相異的類型也有漢語的動補搭配不存在于泰語的搭配的情況,也有泰語一個詞語能對應幾個漢語補語詞的情況。 本文認為最有可能會給泰國學習者帶來使用問題的只有漢泰多對一的情況而已,即相異類型的最后一類情況,因為學習者很難辨別選用哪一漢語詞語才合適。漢泰一對多的情況只能給學習者帶來一些理解問題,但是可能不會帶來太多產(chǎn)出方面的問題。漢泰多對一的情況,雖然學習者很容易理解,但是可能有回避和依賴的問題。 總結了現(xiàn)有的研究成果之后,本文建議針對泰國學習者進的結果補語的教學應該用“事件的根基結構模式”作為結果補語的教學工具,其教學步驟為以下3步:1)如何設置一個事件的根基結構模式;2)如何省略重復的成分;3)如何組成漢語的句子。
[Abstract]:The results of this final Xiangdechulai is in Thailand learning Chinese result complement teaching effective reference. Therefore, the thesis is divided into 3 steps: 1) to find out what is the significance of the components in the expression of the Thai Thai grammar system; 2) from the nature, structure, and compares the results of the expression of meaning components 3 point collocation; 3) to use the Thailand learner existence result complement to provide suggestions and opinions. Each step of work according to the following: task one of Thai grammar books, academic papers, analyses and summarizes the research results of the article, the fourth chapter two: Based on the task; Chang (2001) of the 5 Chinese Resultative types a contrastive study of sentence patterns, namely the fifth chapter, based on Zhou Fang (2006) as the result of complement verbs and adjectives word in-depth research results Comparative study of Chinese and Thai collocation, in two languages have the same collocation, similar to different three conditions as the main idea of the comparison (the sixth chapter); task three: research results drawn from the paper, complement the existing results errors were analyzed, and provide solutions and in order to make comments, for Thailand learners result complement teaching suggestions (the seventh chapter).
In this paper, there are 3 aspects of the research, that is, the nature, structure and collocation of the complement of Chinese results with the corresponding forms of Thai.
1) the corresponding forms of Chinese result complement in Thai are unmarked continuous structure and marked compound sentence.
2) Chinese resultant complements can be used in the research based on the structure of event structure, which is a corresponding sentence pattern in Chinese as a complement sentence in Chinese.
3) to Zhou Fang (2006) 28 high frequency collocation complement words proposed by category, which is divided into a level 9 level two words, 19 words, and analyzed that the Chinese and Thai 6 words is a complement to one to one correspondence (which belongs to the type of words in Chinese and Thai the same 14); complement words belong to type this type of Thai words that are similar, not only a Thai word corresponding to each of its corresponding words, but there are specific rules; there are 8 complement collocation no clear Thai correspondence, must be based on the collocation of Thai words limit words (type belong to different). Different types of Chinese and Thai collocation in addition to these 8 words, there are some words belonging to the type collocation of the VRC corresponding different methods in Thai language, namely some words (Thai translation with a word, some type of tipping structure) Translation (Thai also preserves the collocation structure of active words and result verbs). There are different types of verb complement in Chinese, which do not exist in Thai collocation, and Thai words can correspond to several Chinese complement words.
This paper argues that the most likely to give Thailand learners bring problems using only Hantado for a situation only, namely the different types of the last class, because learning is difficult to discern which one Chinese word is appropriate. A one to many situation can only bring some understanding of the problem, but may not bring too many output problems. Hantado on the situation, although the learners are easy to understand, but there may be avoided and dependent.
After summarizing the existing research results, this paper proposed for Thailand learners results complement teaching should be "structure mode" event as a result complement teaching tool, its teaching steps into the following 3 steps: 1) the foundation of how to set up a structure model of event type; 2) to omit redundant components 3); how to form Chinese sentences.
【學位授予單位】:北京大學
【學位級別】:博士
【學位授予年份】:2013
【分類號】:H195
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