本文選題：典型無(wú)主句　切入點(diǎn)：無(wú)人稱句　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)句型系統(tǒng)中只有謂語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有主語(yǔ)的句子被稱為無(wú)主句，漢語(yǔ)中的無(wú)主句被認(rèn)為是漢語(yǔ)的特色之一。無(wú)主句不僅大量存在，且有很多類型。語(yǔ)言學(xué)家從不同的角度對(duì)無(wú)主句進(jìn)行研究，對(duì)于無(wú)主句的使用情況大致分為兩種，一種是無(wú)需補(bǔ)出主語(yǔ)，也無(wú)法說(shuō)出主語(yǔ)是誰(shuí)；一種是主語(yǔ)在上文或下文中出現(xiàn)了，承前或者蒙后省。本文只針對(duì)無(wú)主句使用的第一種情況進(jìn)行研究，并且把這種情況的無(wú)主句稱為“典型無(wú)主句”。 不僅漢語(yǔ)里面存在著無(wú)主句，印歐語(yǔ)系斯拉夫語(yǔ)族中的成員之一—俄語(yǔ)也存在著“無(wú)主句”這樣的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象，但是俄語(yǔ)里的無(wú)主句卻與漢語(yǔ)里的無(wú)主句不同。俄語(yǔ)句子包括很多類型，這些類型的句子都與我們所研究的無(wú)主句問(wèn)題密切相關(guān)。 俄語(yǔ)里還有“格”的語(yǔ)法范疇，句中的俄語(yǔ)名詞及部分代詞，總是具有一定的“格”的形式，體現(xiàn)一定的“格”的意義。“格”實(shí)質(zhì)上是對(duì)客觀世界中動(dòng)作與事物，事物與事物間的關(guān)系反映。俄語(yǔ)中這些名詞與代詞的“格”的意義也同樣與我們研究的無(wú)主句問(wèn)題有著很密切的聯(lián)系。 本論文論述了語(yǔ)言學(xué)界對(duì)于無(wú)主句問(wèn)題以及無(wú)主句對(duì)譯問(wèn)題的一些研究方法及研究成果，以語(yǔ)法理論為依據(jù)，，以本人內(nèi)省式及一些文學(xué)作品和網(wǎng)絡(luò)中出現(xiàn)的無(wú)主句為語(yǔ)料來(lái)源，分別闡述并且列舉出漢語(yǔ)中的典型無(wú)主句與俄語(yǔ)中的無(wú)主句，分析這些無(wú)主句現(xiàn)象，將它們進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析，并且對(duì)典型無(wú)主句在對(duì)俄漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)中出現(xiàn)的翻譯問(wèn)題進(jìn)行研究，找出其在翻譯中應(yīng)遵循的原則及應(yīng)采用的手段與方法。
[Abstract]:In modern Chinese sentence pattern system, there are only predicates, and sentences without subject are called "no subject", and they are regarded as one of the characteristics of Chinese. There are many types. Linguists study the subject-free sentence from different angles. The use of the subject-free sentence can be roughly divided into two types: one is that there is no need to add the subject and the subject is unable to tell who the subject is; One is that the subject appears in the preceding or the following. This paper only studies the first case in which no subject is used, and refers to it as a "typical no-subject". Not only does there exist no subject sentence in Chinese, but one of the members of the Indo-European Slavic family, Russian, also has a linguistic phenomenon such as "no subject sentence". However, there are many types of sentences in Russian which are closely related to the subject-free sentences we study. There is also the grammatical category of "case" in Russian, and the Russian nouns and some pronouns in the sentence always have the form of "case", which embodies the meaning of "case". In essence, "case" is the action and thing in the objective world. The meaning of "case" of these nouns and pronouns in Russian is also closely related to the question of "no subject" we study. This thesis discusses some research methods and research results on the subject-free problem and the subject-free translation problem in the field of linguistics, which is based on the grammatical theory. Taking my introspection and some literary works and the absence of subject sentences in the network as the source of the corpus, this paper expounds and enumerates the typical non-subject sentences in Chinese and the non-subject sentences in Russian, analyzes these phenomena, and makes a comparative analysis of them. This paper also studies the translation problems of typical no-subject sentences in Russian and Chinese teaching, and finds out the principles, methods and methods to be followed in translation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H195.3

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