本文關(guān)鍵詞： 雙語(yǔ)優(yōu)勢(shì)效應(yīng) 雙語(yǔ)者 任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)換 內(nèi)源性準(zhǔn)備 外源性調(diào)節(jié)　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：雙語(yǔ)現(xiàn)象已成為世界普遍趨勢(shì)，近十年關(guān)于雙語(yǔ)的研究得到普遍關(guān)注。除了對(duì)雙語(yǔ)者兩種語(yǔ)言的理解、產(chǎn)生的研究外，研究者們逐漸開始熱衷于雙語(yǔ)者語(yǔ)言經(jīng)驗(yàn)與執(zhí)行功能的關(guān)系問(wèn)題。已有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，雙語(yǔ)者在沖突解決、抑制控制等方面表現(xiàn)出優(yōu)于單語(yǔ)者。日常生活中雙語(yǔ)者在語(yǔ)言交流時(shí)存在語(yǔ)言轉(zhuǎn)換，而在語(yǔ)言轉(zhuǎn)換過(guò)程中往往需要執(zhí)行功能的參與。那么，在語(yǔ)言中表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的雙語(yǔ)優(yōu)勢(shì)是否在一般的任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)換中同樣顯示出優(yōu)勢(shì)效應(yīng)。如果具有雙語(yǔ)者優(yōu)勢(shì)效應(yīng)，其具體來(lái)源及在任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)換操作過(guò)程中腦電生理活動(dòng)特點(diǎn)是值得進(jìn)一步考察和探尋的問(wèn)題。 基于上述目的，本研究開展了平衡雙語(yǔ)者和非平衡雙語(yǔ)者在任務(wù)切換過(guò)程中優(yōu)勢(shì)效應(yīng)的研究，分別從行為學(xué)和腦電生理的水平進(jìn)行了考察。實(shí)驗(yàn)一采用雙線索任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)換范式，對(duì)比平衡雙語(yǔ)者和非平衡雙語(yǔ)者在語(yǔ)言任務(wù)和一般任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)換中是否存在差異，平衡雙語(yǔ)者是否表現(xiàn)出語(yǔ)言或是任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)換的相關(guān)優(yōu)勢(shì)效應(yīng)。實(shí)驗(yàn)二通過(guò)操縱線索到刺激間的時(shí)間間隔（CSI），考查雙語(yǔ)者任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)換優(yōu)勢(shì)效應(yīng)的來(lái)源，是否與內(nèi)源性準(zhǔn)備和外源性控制有關(guān)。實(shí)驗(yàn)三采用ERP技術(shù)，以D-Pos、N2和LPC為指標(biāo)考察內(nèi)源性準(zhǔn)備和外源性調(diào)節(jié)的時(shí)間進(jìn)程特點(diǎn)。研究表明： （1）平衡雙語(yǔ)者在任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)換中優(yōu)于非平衡雙語(yǔ)者，表現(xiàn)出優(yōu)勢(shì)效應(yīng)。 （2）當(dāng)CSI為0ms時(shí)，無(wú)法進(jìn)行內(nèi)源性準(zhǔn)備，平衡雙語(yǔ)者反應(yīng)時(shí)快于非平衡雙語(yǔ)者，但未達(dá)到顯著性差異；當(dāng)CSI為250ms時(shí)，可以進(jìn)行內(nèi)源性準(zhǔn)備但無(wú)法完成，平衡雙語(yǔ)者反應(yīng)時(shí)明顯快于非平衡雙語(yǔ)者；當(dāng)CSI為600ms時(shí)，內(nèi)源性準(zhǔn)備基本完成，平衡雙語(yǔ)者反應(yīng)時(shí)與非平衡雙語(yǔ)者比較無(wú)顯著性差異。 （3）腦電成分分析表明，非平衡雙語(yǔ)者線索鎖時(shí)相關(guān)的正波D-Pos無(wú)論轉(zhuǎn)換序列或重復(fù)序列，其平均波幅均比平衡雙語(yǔ)者更正，說(shuō)明非平衡雙語(yǔ)者需要更多的心理資源進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)備。刺激出現(xiàn)后誘發(fā)的N2成分，無(wú)論轉(zhuǎn)換序列或重復(fù)序列，非平衡雙語(yǔ)者的平均波幅在額區(qū)比平衡雙語(yǔ)者更負(fù)；而對(duì)于LPC，無(wú)論轉(zhuǎn)換序列或重復(fù)序列，非平衡雙語(yǔ)者的平均波幅比平衡雙語(yǔ)者更正。 總體而言，本實(shí)驗(yàn)研究結(jié)果說(shuō)明平衡雙語(yǔ)者由于日常生活中不斷地轉(zhuǎn)換語(yǔ)言，使得負(fù)責(zé)語(yǔ)言轉(zhuǎn)換的機(jī)制或腦神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)得到加強(qiáng)，，促進(jìn)平衡雙語(yǔ)者在同樣需要這一機(jī)制或神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)換中表現(xiàn)出優(yōu)勢(shì)效應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:The phenomenon of bilingualism has become a universal trend in the world. In the last decade, the research on bilingualism has received widespread attention. Researchers are increasingly keen on the relationship between bilingual language experience and executive function. It has been found that bilinguals are involved in conflict resolution. Suppression control is superior to monolinguals. In daily life, bilingual people have language conversion in language communication, but in the process of language conversion, they often need to participate in executive functions. Whether the bilingual advantage shown in the language also shows the superiority effect in the general task transition. If there is a bilingualism advantage effect, Its specific source and the characteristics of electrophysiological activities during task switching are worthy of further investigation and exploration. For the above purpose, this study carried out a study on the dominant effects of balanced and non-balanced bilinguals in the task switching process, and investigated the behavioral and electrophysiological levels, respectively. In the first experiment, a two-clue task switching paradigm was used. Comparing the differences between balanced and unbalanced bilinguals in language task and general task conversion, In the second experiment, by manipulating the time interval between cues and stimuli, we examined the source of the dominant effect of task switching in bilingual subjects. Whether it is related to endogenous preparation and exogenous control. Experiment 3 uses ERP technique and D-Posn N2 and LPC as indicators to investigate the characteristics of the time course of endogenous preparation and exogenous regulation. 1) balanced bilinguals are superior to non-balanced bilinguals in task switching, showing a dominant effect. (2) when CSI was 0 Ms, endogenous preparation could not be carried out, and the reaction time of balanced bilinguals was faster than that of non-equilibrium bilinguals, but there was no significant difference, and when CSI was 250ms, endogenous preparations could be made but could not be completed. The response time of balanced bilinguals was significantly faster than that of non-equilibrium bilinguals, and when CSI was 600ms, endogenous preparation was basically completed, and there was no significant difference between balanced bilinguals and non-equilibrium bilinguals. (3) EEG composition analysis showed that the average amplitude of positive wave D-Pos in non-equilibrium bilinguals was higher than that in balanced bilinguals, regardless of the conversion sequence or repeat sequence. The results showed that the non-equilibrium bilinguals needed more psychological resources to prepare. The N _ 2 components induced by stimulation were more negative in the frontal region than those in the balanced bilinguals. For LPCs, the average amplitude of non-equilibrium bilinguals was higher than that of balanced bilinguals. In general, the results of this study show that the mechanism or neural network responsible for language conversion is enhanced by the continuous language conversion in the daily life of bilingual people. Promoting the balance of bilinguals also requires this mechanism or neural network in the task of switching shows a dominant effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：B842;H0-05

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 黃四林;林崇德;;任務(wù)切換機(jī)制研究的理論爭(zhēng)議與整合[J];心理與行為研究;2009年04期

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