【摘要】：“文學(xué)是人學(xué)”這一論斷已被當(dāng)今的文學(xué)理論界廣泛引用。在中國(guó)明確提出這一論斷的是錢谷融先生。他的著名論文《論“文學(xué)是人學(xué)”》不僅提出了“文學(xué)是人學(xué)”的觀點(diǎn)，而且代表了當(dāng)時(shí)理論認(rèn)識(shí)的最高水平，是錢谷融先生“人學(xué)”理論的集中體現(xiàn)。錢谷融先生雖然因此遭受了二十余年的磨難，但他始終堅(jiān)持自己的“人學(xué)”主張，不斷從理論和實(shí)踐上證明自己的觀點(diǎn)。 本文在研讀分析的基礎(chǔ)上論述了《論“文學(xué)是人學(xué)”》在文學(xué)的目的和任務(wù)、文學(xué)與現(xiàn)實(shí)的關(guān)系、文學(xué)的典型性、人道主義原則等方面的觀點(diǎn)，揭示其以“人”為中心解釋文學(xué)中諸問(wèn)題的正確性和合理性。進(jìn)一步從歷史和美學(xué)的角度論述了《論“文學(xué)是人學(xué)”》的兩個(gè)突出意義：一是它在特殊的社會(huì)背景和理論背景下的歷史價(jià)值。它繼承了“五四”時(shí)期“人的文學(xué)”傳統(tǒng)，，但超越了個(gè)人人道主義；它既關(guān)注個(gè)性又關(guān)注人的社會(huì)性，避免了以往理論家或強(qiáng)調(diào)階級(jí)性或強(qiáng)調(diào)普遍的人性的偏頗；它不僅對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)流行的一些錯(cuò)誤理論和認(rèn)識(shí)作了一針見(jiàn)血的批評(píng)，而且對(duì)新時(shí)期以后的文學(xué)思想產(chǎn)生了極大的影響。二是展示了人道主義美學(xué)的永久魅力。本文從貫穿文學(xué)過(guò)程始終的情感特性、個(gè)性特征兩方面闡述了錢谷融的人道主義美學(xué)觀點(diǎn)，并指出作家、評(píng)論家缺少來(lái)自生活的強(qiáng)烈的情感體驗(yàn)，在經(jīng)濟(jì)大潮中難以保持獨(dú)立自由的個(gè)性，是當(dāng)今文學(xué)不被人們關(guān)注的重要原因。 如今重新解讀錢谷融先生的《論“文學(xué)是人學(xué)”》，在文學(xué)領(lǐng)域中堅(jiān)持以“人”為本，遵循人道主義美學(xué)原則，提倡和發(fā)揚(yáng)人的文學(xué)精神，對(duì)推動(dòng)文學(xué)撫慰人的心靈、給人以希望、教人以摯愛(ài)的價(jià)值取向，具有積極的作用。
[Abstract]:The theory that literature is human has been widely used in the field of literary theory. It is Mr Qian Gurong who has made this claim clear in China. His famous paper "Literature is Human" not only puts forward the viewpoint that "Literature is Human", but also represents the highest level of theoretical understanding at that time, and is the concentrated embodiment of Qian Gurong's "Humanistic" theory. Although Qian Gurong has suffered for more than twenty years, he has always insisted on his theory of "human studies" and proved his views in theory and practice. On the basis of reading and analyzing, this paper discusses the viewpoints of "Literature is the study of Man" in the aspects of the purpose and task of literature, the relationship between literature and reality, the typicality of literature, the principle of humanitarianism, etc. It reveals the correctness and reasonableness of its interpretation of various problems in literature centered on "man". From the perspective of history and aesthetics, this paper further discusses the two prominent meanings of "Literature is the study of Man": the first is its historical value under the special social and theoretical background. It inherits the tradition of "human literature" during the "May 4th Movement" period, but transcends individual humanitarianism, pays attention to both individuality and sociality, and avoids the bias of previous theorists or class nature or universal humanity. It not only criticizes some of the wrong theories and understandings that were popular at that time, but also has a great influence on the literary thought after the new period. Second, it shows the permanent charm of humanitarian aesthetics. This paper expounds Qian Gurong's viewpoint of humanitarian aesthetics from two aspects: emotional characteristics and personality characteristics throughout the literary process, and points out that writers and critics lack a strong emotional experience from life. In the economic tide, it is difficult to maintain the personality of independence and freedom, which is an important reason why literature is not paid attention to. Now we should reinterpret Mr. Qian Gurong's "Literature is the study of Man", adhere to the principle of "people" as the basis in the field of literature, follow the principles of humanitarian aesthetics, advocate and carry forward the spirit of human literature, and promote literature to soothe people's hearts. Give people hope, teach people to love the value orientation, has the positive effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2005
【分類號(hào)】：I0

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本文編號(hào)：2218581