本文選題：戲曲文物 + 蔚縣　； 參考：《山西師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：古戲臺是戲曲演出的重要場所,也是民俗文化的重要產(chǎn)物,具有豐富的歷史文化信息。對古戲臺的調(diào)查研究可以幫助我們豐富古代劇場的形象資料,為探索戲曲藝術(shù)的歷史成因,認(rèn)識戲曲發(fā)展的歷史面貌等相關(guān)問題提供實證依據(jù)。本文在對蔚縣207座古戲臺的及其附屬碑刻、舞臺題記等戲曲文物進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)地考察和整理的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合文獻(xiàn)資料等相關(guān)內(nèi)容,運用民俗學(xué)和社會學(xué)的知識,以古戲臺為出發(fā)點,系統(tǒng)地分析了其產(chǎn)生的歷史淵源、建筑特色、演劇情況和文化功能等相關(guān)問題,并結(jié)合古戲臺存在的一些問題,提出了相應(yīng)的解決措施。蔚縣位于中原和塞北、山陜與燕趙的交通樞紐和通商要道,地理位置特殊,蔚縣古戲臺作為戲曲演出的場所,受當(dāng)?shù)刈匀画h(huán)境和人文因素的影響,在建筑形制上有其固有的特點,主要表現(xiàn)在,出現(xiàn)一臺多廟的平面布局形式,建筑構(gòu)造簡單,屋頂以硬山頂或卷棚硬山頂為主,梁架結(jié)構(gòu)均采用抬梁式構(gòu)架,簡潔牢固,臺基部分主要以夯土修筑,外側(cè)施以磚石保護。戲臺裝飾以彩繪為主,雕刻為輔,較為簡略。臺上戲曲演出活動頻繁,定期演出與不定期演出交叉進(jìn)行,互為補充,使得該地戲曲活動演出時間跨度較長。而演出的聲腔主要包括弦子腔、蔚州梆子和山西北路梆子。蔚州梆子是地方小戲與外來劇種相互融合的結(jié)果,體現(xiàn)出了文化的包容性。北路梆子的傳入受到商業(yè)貿(mào)易影響,山西商人為北路梆子在蔚縣的發(fā)展提供了堅實的經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ),并促使著梆子戲藝人提升戲曲表演的藝術(shù)水平。同時,梆子戲的流傳也為山西商人進(jìn)一步開拓市場,解決商貿(mào)中的問題提供了良好的契機,并且在一定程度上對商人的心理起到了慰藉作用。蔚縣古戲臺也是民俗文化的產(chǎn)物,它作為民眾求神祈雨,答謝神庥的重要場所,具有濃郁的宗教性質(zhì),同時也是寓教于樂的重要場所,對維護社會秩序的穩(wěn)定發(fā)揮著巨大作用。此外,蔚縣古戲臺也是民眾娛樂的重要場所,一方面民眾在此觀看戲曲表演,獲得精神上享受,另一方面廟會時期以戲臺為中心形成的交易市場,對民眾出售農(nóng)產(chǎn)品,購買生產(chǎn)工具等提供了便利,在經(jīng)濟方面影響著蔚縣民眾的生活。因此,蔚縣古戲臺對我們進(jìn)一步研究明清時期蔚縣民眾的社會生活奠定了基礎(chǔ),具有很高的學(xué)術(shù)價值。
[Abstract]:The ancient stage is an important place for opera performance and also an important product of folk culture with rich historical and cultural information. The investigation and research on the ancient stage can help us to enrich the image data of the ancient theater and provide the empirical basis for exploring the historical causes of the opera art and understanding the historical outlook of the development of the opera. On the basis of the systematic investigation and arrangement of 207 ancient opera platforms in Yuxian and their associated inscriptions, stage inscriptions and other opera relics, combined with the literature and other relevant contents, this paper applies the knowledge of folklore and sociology, and takes the ancient stage as the starting point. This paper systematically analyzes the historical origin, architectural characteristics, performance situation and cultural function of the ancient stage, and puts forward some corresponding solutions. Yuxian is located in the Central Plains and the northern part of the country. The transportation hub between Shanshan and Yanzhao is special in geographical location. The ancient opera stage in Yuxian, as a venue for opera performances, is affected by the local natural environment and cultural factors. The architectural form has its inherent characteristics, mainly manifested in the appearance of a multi-temple plane layout form, the simple structure of the building, the roof with a hard top or a curly roof, and the beam frame structure, all of which are simple and firm. The base is mainly built with rammed earth, and masonry is applied on the outside. Stage decoration to color-based painting, sculpture as a supplementary, relatively simple. The stage opera performance activity is frequent, the periodic performance and the unscheduled performance cross each other, makes the local opera activity performance time span longer. And the performance of the main vocal tone including string, Weizhou Bangzi and Shanxi North Road Bangzi. Weizhou Bangzi is the result of the fusion of local opera and foreign opera, which embodies the cultural inclusiveness. The introduction of Beilu Bangzi was influenced by commercial trade. Shanxi merchants provided a solid economic foundation for the development of Beilu Bangzi in Yuxian, and promoted the Bangzi opera artists to improve the artistic level of opera performance. At the same time, the spread of Bangzi Opera also provides a good opportunity for Shanxi businessmen to further develop the market and solve the problems in trade and trade, and to some extent plays a solace to the psychology of businessmen. Yuxian ancient stage is also a product of folk culture. As an important place for people to pray for rain and thank God, it has a strong religious nature and is also an important place for teaching and happiness, which plays a great role in maintaining the stability of social order. In addition, the ancient opera stage in Yuxian County is also an important place for people to entertain. On the one hand, people watch opera performances here and get spiritual enjoyment; on the other hand, during the temple fair period, the market formed by the stage as the center of trading, sells agricultural products to the public. The purchase of production tools and other facilities, in the economic aspects of the Weixian people's lives. Therefore, the ancient stage of Yuxian laid a foundation for our further study of the social life of the people in Yuxian in Ming and Qing dynasties, and had high academic value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：J809.2;K879.1

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