論惠特曼的城市想象與生態(tài)意識
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-19 21:46
【摘要】：沃爾特·惠特曼(1819—1892)是十九世紀(jì)美國最重要的作家之一。關(guān)于惠特曼的生態(tài)思想,學(xué)界有若干研究,但多著眼于惠特曼的自然作品,鮮有人以城市為文本對惠特曼的生態(tài)意識進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)解析。本文擬從生態(tài)批評的角度對惠特曼的詩歌及散文作品中的城市書寫進(jìn)行解讀,進(jìn)一步論述其中蘊含的城市生態(tài)意識。 十九世紀(jì)的美國處于工業(yè)革命和城市化浪潮之中,受歐洲浪漫主義思想影響,美國知識分子中產(chǎn)生了一股反對城市化的思潮,例如梭羅等人認(rèn)為城市割斷了人與自然的聯(lián)系,使人與人之間產(chǎn)生隔閡,他們呼吁人們應(yīng)該遠(yuǎn)離城市凝聽自然的聲音,獲得大自然的啟示。在這股反城市化的浪潮中,惠特曼是個例外�；萏芈桧炞匀�,但并不因?qū)ψ匀坏臒釔鄱钟|城市發(fā)展。他的生態(tài)意識并不僅僅體現(xiàn)為對城市發(fā)展帶來的環(huán)境問題進(jìn)行批評和諷諫,或者抨擊揭露城市中的冷漠人情與交流隔閡,而是更加深入地對城市中人類與自然、自我與他人以及個人與自我之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行思考,試圖體悟出使自然運轉(zhuǎn)與城市發(fā)展彼此促進(jìn)、個體與他人和諧相處的途徑。 惠特曼在其城市想象中展現(xiàn)的充滿生態(tài)氣息與和諧氛圍的城市形象,即是他城市生態(tài)思想的具體表露�；萏芈P下的城市不是橫亙于人與自然之間的障礙,反而蘊含著來自自然的聲音,促進(jìn)人類與自然環(huán)境的交流與融合。此外,城市還是個體與他人交流的重要橋梁。城市不僅為生活于其中的個體與他人提供了交流的平臺,還促使人們跨越區(qū)域限制進(jìn)行交流,最終建立了超越時空限制的親密聯(lián)系。在城市中,人類不是自然環(huán)境的主宰者,而是體驗者。通過對自然環(huán)境的體驗,惠特曼在城市化視野內(nèi)重新對自我進(jìn)行認(rèn)知和定位,將個體自我與整個生態(tài)環(huán)境等同,建構(gòu)出一個普遍性與特殊性兼具的生態(tài)自我�；萏芈某鞘惺且粋�由人造環(huán)境與自然環(huán)境共同構(gòu)成的多圈層的復(fù)合生態(tài)系統(tǒng),其中的各個圈層既相互獨立,又彼此交織,構(gòu)成了和諧的生態(tài)復(fù)調(diào)�；萏芈鼜暮暧^角度對環(huán)境進(jìn)行審視,將生態(tài)環(huán)境的范疇由單純的自然環(huán)境擴展至整個城市空間。他在對城市的探索中采用生態(tài)整體主義視角,強調(diào)維護整個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的和諧與穩(wěn)定。 時至今日,城市化已經(jīng)成為全世界的共同議題。惠特曼對人類與自然之間和諧關(guān)系的探尋,為我們解決伴隨城市化出現(xiàn)的一些問題也帶來一些有益的啟示。
[Abstract]:Walter Whitman (1819-1892) is one of the most important American writers in the nineteenth century. There are some studies on Whitman's ecological thoughts, but most of them focus on Whitman's natural works. Few people analyze Whitman's ecological consciousness systematically in the text of city. This paper intends to interpret Whitman's poems and prose on urban writing from the angle of ecological criticism, and further discuss the urban ecological consciousness contained therein. In the nineteenth century, the United States was in the midst of the industrial revolution and the tide of urbanization. Influenced by European romanticism, American intellectuals had a trend of thought against urbanization, such as Thoreau and others who thought that cities cut off the connection between man and nature. They call for people to stay away from the city and listen to the sound of nature. Whitman is an exception to this wave of anti-urbanisation. Whitman praises nature, but does not resist urban development because of her love of nature. His ecological consciousness is not only for criticizing and criticizing the environmental problems brought about by the development of the city, or for criticizing and exposing the cold feelings and communication estrangement in the city, but for being more deeply towards the human being and the nature in the city. The relationship between self and others and between individual and self is considered in order to realize the way to promote each other between natural operation and urban development and to get along with others harmoniously. Whitman's city image, which is full of ecological breath and harmonious atmosphere, is the concrete manifestation of his urban ecological thought. Whitman's city is not a barrier between man and nature, but contains a sound from nature to promote the communication and integration between human and natural environment. In addition, the city is also an important bridge between individuals and others. Cities not only provide a platform for individuals living in them to communicate with others, but also promote people to communicate across regional restrictions, and finally establish close ties beyond the limits of time and space. In cities, man is not the master of the natural environment, but the experiencer. Through the experience of the natural environment, Whitman re-recognized and positioned himself in the vision of urbanization, and constructed an ecological self with both universality and particularity by equating the individual self with the whole ecological environment. Whitman's city is a complex ecosystem composed of artificial environment and natural environment, each of which is independent and intertwined with each other, forming a harmonious ecological polyphony. Whitman examines the environment from the macro point of view and extends the category of ecological environment from the pure natural environment to the whole urban space. In his exploration of the city, he adopted the perspective of ecological holism and emphasized the maintenance of harmony and stability of the whole ecosystem. Today, urbanization has become a common issue all over the world. Whitman's exploration of the harmonious relationship between human beings and nature brings us some useful enlightenment to solve some problems that accompany urbanization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I712.06
本文編號：2343511
[Abstract]:Walter Whitman (1819-1892) is one of the most important American writers in the nineteenth century. There are some studies on Whitman's ecological thoughts, but most of them focus on Whitman's natural works. Few people analyze Whitman's ecological consciousness systematically in the text of city. This paper intends to interpret Whitman's poems and prose on urban writing from the angle of ecological criticism, and further discuss the urban ecological consciousness contained therein. In the nineteenth century, the United States was in the midst of the industrial revolution and the tide of urbanization. Influenced by European romanticism, American intellectuals had a trend of thought against urbanization, such as Thoreau and others who thought that cities cut off the connection between man and nature. They call for people to stay away from the city and listen to the sound of nature. Whitman is an exception to this wave of anti-urbanisation. Whitman praises nature, but does not resist urban development because of her love of nature. His ecological consciousness is not only for criticizing and criticizing the environmental problems brought about by the development of the city, or for criticizing and exposing the cold feelings and communication estrangement in the city, but for being more deeply towards the human being and the nature in the city. The relationship between self and others and between individual and self is considered in order to realize the way to promote each other between natural operation and urban development and to get along with others harmoniously. Whitman's city image, which is full of ecological breath and harmonious atmosphere, is the concrete manifestation of his urban ecological thought. Whitman's city is not a barrier between man and nature, but contains a sound from nature to promote the communication and integration between human and natural environment. In addition, the city is also an important bridge between individuals and others. Cities not only provide a platform for individuals living in them to communicate with others, but also promote people to communicate across regional restrictions, and finally establish close ties beyond the limits of time and space. In cities, man is not the master of the natural environment, but the experiencer. Through the experience of the natural environment, Whitman re-recognized and positioned himself in the vision of urbanization, and constructed an ecological self with both universality and particularity by equating the individual self with the whole ecological environment. Whitman's city is a complex ecosystem composed of artificial environment and natural environment, each of which is independent and intertwined with each other, forming a harmonious ecological polyphony. Whitman examines the environment from the macro point of view and extends the category of ecological environment from the pure natural environment to the whole urban space. In his exploration of the city, he adopted the perspective of ecological holism and emphasized the maintenance of harmony and stability of the whole ecosystem. Today, urbanization has become a common issue all over the world. Whitman's exploration of the harmonious relationship between human beings and nature brings us some useful enlightenment to solve some problems that accompany urbanization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I712.06
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相關(guān)期刊論文 前5條
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