本文選題：笛福 + 魯濱遜漂流記��； 參考：《安徽大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：《魯濱遜漂流記》是丹尼爾·笛福(1630-1731)創(chuàng)作的第一部小說,英美文學(xué)界的許多學(xué)者認(rèn)為它是英國的第一部小說,無論從思想上還是藝術(shù)上來評(píng)價(jià),這部小說都是笛福的代表作。小說的主人公魯濱遜也因此成為世界文學(xué)史上的一個(gè)著名文學(xué)形象。 本文首先簡(jiǎn)要回顧了在不同時(shí)期國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)《魯濱遜漂流記》的研究與評(píng)論。自該小說于1719年出版以來,關(guān)于它的評(píng)論就頻現(xiàn)于報(bào)端,即使是在二百多年后的今天,仍然受到評(píng)論界的重視。伊恩·瓦特在《小說的興起》中指出,笛福比其他所有的作家都更能表現(xiàn)出個(gè)人主義的意識(shí)傾向�！遏敒I遜漂流記》具備完全的個(gè)人主義要素,為個(gè)人主義與小說興起之間相互聯(lián)系提供了各種形式的實(shí)例。在瓦特看來,讀者需要借助經(jīng)濟(jì)個(gè)人主義來解析小說主人公的人物性格；而經(jīng)濟(jì)專門化以及與之相關(guān)的意識(shí)形態(tài),有助于說明魯濱遜執(zhí)著于海外冒險(xiǎn)的原因。但對(duì)魯濱遜精神生活的理解則需要借助清教個(gè)人主義。亨特(Hunter, J.Paul)在《勉強(qiáng)的朝圣者》中認(rèn)為,作為新文類的小說與清教思想有著密切的聯(lián)系。清教傳統(tǒng)為《魯濱遜漂流記》提供了敘述框架。亨特將《魯濱遜漂流記》置于其出版的時(shí)代和意思背景加以解讀,詳細(xì)闡述了這部小說與清教的“指南傳統(tǒng)”(the Guide Tradition)和“天意傳統(tǒng)”(the Providence Tradition)的關(guān)聯(lián)。 本文試以德國社會(huì)學(xué)家馬克斯·韋伯在《新教倫理與資本主義精神》中提出的“新教倫理”為理論視角,并參照前人研究成果,結(jié)合該小說問世的時(shí)代背景,綜合運(yùn)用社會(huì)歷史與文本細(xì)讀的方法,分析笛福作品中魯濱遜這一人物形象所表現(xiàn)出的新教工作倫理,以期獲得對(duì)該小說的新的理解。 在《魯濱遜漂流記》的主體部分,主人公的世俗經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)以及宗教思考交替展開。如果只是從“經(jīng)濟(jì)”的或“宗教”的視角分析該小說,難免會(huì)造成人物形象的分裂之感。而如果從韋伯提出的社會(huì)學(xué)觀點(diǎn)出發(fā)重新解讀該小說,則可以解決這一問題。在《新教倫理與資本主義精神》中,韋伯論證了新教倫理與現(xiàn)代資本主義的興起有著“選擇性親和”的關(guān)聯(lián)。他認(rèn)為,不同于天主教的信條,新教倫理觀中的“天職”觀念輸灌給勞動(dòng)者勤勞工作的責(zé)任感,他們的“工作倫理”以及敬業(yè)精神取代了生產(chǎn)力落后的傳統(tǒng)勞動(dòng)觀念,促進(jìn)了現(xiàn)代資本主義的發(fā)展。這種以勤勞工作、積累財(cái)富為“天職”的工作倫理有助于新興資產(chǎn)階級(jí)以更合理和系統(tǒng)的方式追求個(gè)人正當(dāng)?shù)慕?jīng)濟(jì)利益。 小說的主人公魯濱遜出生于富裕的英國中間階級(jí)家庭。年輕的魯濱遜對(duì)財(cái)富有著強(qiáng)烈的追求,他流落孤島前的幾次海外歷險(xiǎn)都是其追逐物質(zhì)利益的體現(xiàn)；雖然不顧一切的冒險(xiǎn)給他帶來了一定的經(jīng)濟(jì)收益,但也好幾次使其險(xiǎn)些喪命海外。他認(rèn)為這是由于自己的“原罪”所致。登島后的魯濱遜通過閱讀《圣經(jīng)》和反思生活的種種經(jīng)歷,認(rèn)為是上帝的意志使其得以在海難中幸存,因而自己是上帝的“揀選者”。他認(rèn)為自己得到了上帝的恩典,逐漸皈依了基督,成為了一名新教徒。他不僅希望獲得肉體的拯救,更希冀得到更重要的精神上的救贖。他在島上持續(xù)不斷的辛勤勞動(dòng),不僅解決了衣食住行等問題,而且創(chuàng)造、積累了許多的物質(zhì)財(cái)富；他認(rèn)為這些是上帝對(duì)他的救恩,證明了他是上帝的“選民”。小說對(duì)魯濱遜的工作勞動(dòng)描寫的細(xì)致入微,給人以身臨其境之感：更重要的是工作勞動(dòng)被凸顯出來,表明了小說對(duì)勞動(dòng)的價(jià)值和尊嚴(yán)的充分肯定與贊揚(yáng)。新教徒的世俗工作勞動(dòng)因而具有了宗教倫理的意義,進(jìn)而肯定了新教徒的經(jīng)濟(jì)追求在宗教倫理意義上的合理性,解決了人們宗教信仰與世俗物質(zhì)追求的矛盾。另一方面,魯濱遜在島上的各種工作勞動(dòng)也展現(xiàn)了魯濱遜作為新教徒資本家的精神風(fēng)貌：他克勤克儉,以勤勞為榮、不貪圖安逸享樂,處處用新教徒的理性和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)來規(guī)范自己的生活,把創(chuàng)造和積累財(cái)富當(dāng)作自己的“天職”。 同時(shí),新教工作倫理對(duì)魯濱遜的現(xiàn)代資本家和英國殖民者的個(gè)人身份的形成也有著重要的影響。按照韋伯對(duì)“現(xiàn)代資本主義”的描述,現(xiàn)代資本主義更多地是對(duì)人們非理性逐利沖動(dòng)的一種抑制或緩解,而不是對(duì)利潤(rùn)的貪得無厭。小說主人公在成為清教徒后,在生活和勞動(dòng)上表現(xiàn)出了節(jié)制和理性,很少再有以前的冒險(xiǎn)沖動(dòng),而把幾乎全部的精力理性地用于物質(zhì)財(cái)富的創(chuàng)造,以勞動(dòng)所獲確證自己的蒙恩狀態(tài)。然而,一旦他確信得到上帝“揀選”后,便產(chǎn)生了很強(qiáng)的優(yōu)越感,為他在海島上的殖民活動(dòng)提供了宗教倫理上的依據(jù)與合法性。這一點(diǎn)可以從他自封為海島的主人和對(duì)待土著人的態(tài)度中得到印證。 最后,本文認(rèn)為,《魯濱遜漂流記》反映了在宗教改革后,新的宗教倫理一新教倫理對(duì)以魯濱遜為代表的中下階層人們的影響。魯濱遜這一著名人物形象,反映了早期英國資本家的勤勞、節(jié)制、理性和殖民者的偏見與掠奪本性。
[Abstract]:Robinson Crusoe is the first novel created by Daniel Defoe ( 1630 - 1731 ) . Many scholars in the British and American literary world think it is the first novel in Britain , which is the masterpiece of Defoe . The hero of the novel is also a famous literary figure in the history of the world literature .

This paper first briefly reviews the studies and comments of scholars at home and abroad on Robinson Crusoe . Since the novel was published in 1719 , the commentary on it has been paid much attention .
The economic specialization and the ideology associated with it help to explain why Robinson is committed to overseas adventures . But the understanding of Robinson ' s spiritual life needs to be closely related to the idea of Puritanism .

This paper tries to analyze the new teaching ethics of Robinson ' s image in Defoe ' s works by combining the historical background of the novel and analyzing the historical background of the novel , and analyses the new teaching ethics of Robinson in Defoe ' s works with a view to gaining a new understanding of the novel .

In the main part of Robinson Crusoe , the hero ' s secular economic activity and religious thinking are alternately unfolded . If it is only from the perspective of " economy " or " religion " , it inevitably leads to a sense of " selective affinity " .

The hero Robinson of the novel is born in the rich English middle class family . Young Robinson has a strong pursuit of wealth , and many of his overseas adventures before landing are the reflection of their pursuit of material interests ;
He thought it was God ' s will to survive in the sea , and that he was God ' s " picker " . He thought he had received God ' s grace and converted to Christ and became a protestant . He wanted not only to gain the salvation of the flesh , but also to get more important spiritual salvation . He had not only solved the problems of food and food , but also created and accumulated a lot of material wealth ;
He believed that these were God ' s salvation to him , and proved that he was the " voters " of God . The novel has made a sense of religious ethics for the work of Robinson . More importantly , the work of the New Protestants has the meaning of religious ethics , thus affirming the spiritual beauty of the novel ' s pursuit of religious ethics . On the other hand , Robinson ' s work on the island also shows Robinson ' s spiritual outlook as a Protestant capitalist . On the other hand , Robinson ' s work on the island also shows Robinson ' s spiritual outlook as a Protestant capitalist . On the other hand , Robinson ' s work on the island also shows Robinson ' s spiritual outlook as a Protestant capitalist . On the other hand , Robinson ' s work on the island has also demonstrated the rational and rigorous standards of the Protestants to regulate their lives , and regard the creation and accumulation of wealth as their own " talents " .

At the same time , the ethics of Protestant work has an important influence on the formation of modern capitalist and British colonial personal identity . According to Weber ' s description of " modern capitalism " , modern capitalism is a kind of restraint or relief to people ' s irrational progressive impulse , rather than the greed of profits .

In the end , the author argues that Robinson Crusoe reflects the influence of the new religious ethics upon the middle - class people represented by Robinson .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：I561.074

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

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本文編號(hào)：1772845