本文選題：卡夫卡　切入點(diǎn)：猶太民族認(rèn)同　出處：《遼寧師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：今天卡夫卡能夠被我們認(rèn)識(shí)，要感謝他一生的摯友馬克斯·勃羅德，是他違背了卡夫卡的遺囑保存了他的文字，為我們展現(xiàn)了一個(gè)完整的卡夫卡世界。在勃羅德眼中，卡夫卡是個(gè)“圣人”，可以成為“人類(lèi)的導(dǎo)師”，對(duì)于卡夫卡的身份，勃羅德則認(rèn)為：卡夫卡是個(gè)地道的猶太人，他的所有創(chuàng)作都應(yīng)屬于猶太文學(xué)，卡夫卡作品中的人物、情結(jié)等要素皆與猶太有著密不可分的聯(lián)系。然而在其他學(xué)者眼中，卡夫卡的身份卻不是如此單純，在德國(guó)文學(xué)史中我們可以看到德國(guó)人將卡夫卡作為德語(yǔ)作家的典范；在捷克文學(xué)中，卡夫卡是捷克人，，是捷克作家；在猶太文學(xué)里，卡夫卡又因其猶太血統(tǒng)成為了猶太作家，那么卡夫卡自己對(duì)于他復(fù)雜的存在身份問(wèn)題是怎么看待的，是研究卡夫卡身份問(wèn)題首先要解決的疑問(wèn)。但是卡夫卡本人也沒(méi)有解答出這個(gè)問(wèn)題。首先，身為猶太人的卡夫卡，對(duì)于猶太民族，他是不認(rèn)同的，但是生長(zhǎng)在猶太環(huán)境中的卡夫卡又無(wú)法遠(yuǎn)離，找到一個(gè)能夠?yàn)樽约赫J(rèn)同的民族，這就使得卡夫卡在個(gè)人存在問(wèn)題上，由民族認(rèn)同危機(jī)發(fā)展到了個(gè)人認(rèn)同危機(jī)，終其一生卡夫卡都在為擺脫他的存在危機(jī)所努力，同樣，終其一生卡夫卡也沒(méi)有找到確切的解決之路。本論文要論述的就是卡夫卡的認(rèn)同危機(jī)及其在文學(xué)中的表現(xiàn)。 首先本文將介紹卡夫卡的猶太身份及其家庭背景，在了解了卡夫卡的猶太背景后，論文的第二部分將闡述卡夫卡眼中的猶太民族.在卡夫卡看來(lái)，猶太民族有著“耗子”般的冷漠、寄居者卑微的奉迎、猶太教徒特權(quán)式的乞討及可怕的災(zāi)難性未來(lái)。而且，從卡夫卡本人來(lái)講，他的猶太身份也有著嚴(yán)重的缺失：母語(yǔ)為德語(yǔ)的猶太人、無(wú)法回歸又無(wú)法遠(yuǎn)離的民族悖論及在猶太民族尋不到庇護(hù)所帶來(lái)的危機(jī)感。在這一部分，通過(guò)卡夫卡眼中的猶太民族及卡夫卡猶太身份的缺失，來(lái)具體闡述卡夫卡民族認(rèn)同危機(jī)的產(chǎn)生原因。 在闡明了了卡夫卡民族身份認(rèn)同問(wèn)題的產(chǎn)生原因之后，論文將進(jìn)一步探究民族身份認(rèn)同問(wèn)題給卡夫卡帶來(lái)的影響，卡夫卡的猶太民族認(rèn)同危機(jī)為他帶來(lái)的是他個(gè)人身份的認(rèn)同危機(jī)，這種個(gè)人身份的認(rèn)同危機(jī)又給卡夫卡帶來(lái)了生命存在的不確定性及對(duì)于自我歸屬的畢生尋找，最終卡夫卡將他這種身份認(rèn)同危機(jī)、存在的不確定及對(duì)于自我歸屬的尋找完全地展示在他的文學(xué)作品中，這也就是現(xiàn)代主義之父卡夫卡現(xiàn)代主題的產(chǎn)生根源——“自我尋找”，在卡夫卡的作品中，我們到處可以尋見(jiàn)“自我尋找”、“生存的不確定”的影子，而卡夫卡最被人熱議的現(xiàn)代性特點(diǎn)，荒誕及異化也同樣源于此。 綜上所述，現(xiàn)代主義大師卡夫卡對(duì)于自己民族身份的認(rèn)同危機(jī)帶來(lái)了他的個(gè)人生存危機(jī)，這種個(gè)人生存危機(jī)使他的存在充滿了不確定性，為了擺脫這種危機(jī)，卡夫卡一生致力于找到歸處，尋找自我，這也就是卡夫卡作品中現(xiàn)代性主題的產(chǎn)生根源，即由認(rèn)同危機(jī)帶來(lái)的荒誕世界與異化人生。
[Abstract]:Kafka today were we able to understand, thanks to his friend Max Brod, he is against Kafka's will save his text, show a complete Kafka world for us. In the eyes of Brod, Kafka is a "sage" can become "human tutor", for the identity of Kafka, Brod is that Kafka is a native of the Jews, all of his works should belong to the Jewish literature, the characters of the works of Kafka and other elements are complex had a close relationship with the Jewish. However he in the eyes of scholars, Kafka's identity is not so simple, in the history of German literature we can see Kafka as the Germans model of German writer; in Czech literature, Kafka is the people of Czech, is a Czech writer; in Jewish literature, Kafka also because of its Jewish become The Jewish writer, so Kafka have their own identity for him is to look at how complex, is the study of Kafka identity problem first to solve the question. But Kafka did not answer this question. First of all, as a Jew, Kafka, for the Jewish people, he is not recognized, but the growth in the Jewish environment Kafka is not far from, one can find their national identity, which makes Kafka in personal problems, the crisis of national identity to the development of the personal identity crisis, the end of his life Kafka in order to get rid of his existence crisis efforts, similarly, throughout his life, Kafka also did not find the exact solution the road. The identity crisis discussed in this article is Kafka and its performance in the literature.
First we will introduce Kafka's Jewish identity and family background, in the understanding of Kafka's Jewish background, the second part of the paper describes Kafka in the eyes of the Jewish nation. In Kafka's opinion, the Jewish people have a "mouse" like apathy, Sojourner humble act, Jews privileged begging and catastrophic terrible the future. Moreover, from Kafka himself, his Jewish identity also has a serious flaw: native German Jewish nation, and not far from the paradox cannot return and in the Jewish nation to seek asylum brings a sense of crisis. In this part, the lack of the Jewish people and Jewish identity in the eyes of Kafka Kafka the reasons for Kafka to elaborate national identity crisis.
After expounding the causes of Kafka's national identity issues, will further explore the influence of ethnic identity brought to Kafka, Kafka's Jewish identity crisis brought him the identity crisis of his personal identity, personal identity and identity crisis that brought Kafka uncertainty and for life life in search of self attribution, Kafka eventually will be his identity crisis, uncertainty and for self attribution fully displayed in his literary works, which is also the father of modernism of Kafka modern theme origins: "self seeking" in Kafka's works, we can find "self seeking" everywhere, "the survival of the uncertainty of the shadow, and Kafka is the most characteristic of modern people is hot, absurdity and alienation also This is the source of this.
In summary, the modernist master Kafka identity crisis for their national identity has brought his personal survival crisis, the individual survival crisis makes his existence is full of uncertainty, in order to get rid of the crisis, Kafka devoted his life to find the place, for me, this is the modern theme in Kafka's works from the origin of identity the crisis brought about by the absurd world and alienation of life.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：I521.074

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本文編號(hào)：1725742