本文關(guān)鍵詞：巴赫金狂歡化理論的審美人類學(xué)闡釋　出處：《廣西師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：米哈伊爾·米哈伊洛維奇·巴赫金(1895-1975),前蘇聯(lián)著名的文藝學(xué)家、哲學(xué)家、批評(píng)家、哲學(xué)家,他的一系列的原創(chuàng)理論對(duì)文藝學(xué)、人類學(xué)、民俗學(xué)、心理學(xué)、語言學(xué)等多個(gè)學(xué)科都有重要影響。巴赫金的學(xué)術(shù)研究歷時(shí)長久,駁雜斑斕,不僅建立了以“超語言學(xué)哲學(xué)”為基礎(chǔ)的歷史詩學(xué),還在文藝作品形式的分析與探討中提出了影響久遠(yuǎn)的“對(duì)話”理論,“狂歡化”理論、復(fù)調(diào)小說以及“雜語”范疇,這些理論澤被后結(jié)構(gòu)主義和后現(xiàn)代主義,以其恢宏的氣度和開放大膽的獨(dú)創(chuàng)精神在今天依然啟迪著新世紀(jì)的學(xué)術(shù)研究者。 在巴赫金眾多的理論中,筆者選取了他的狂歡化理論作為研究對(duì)象,以審美人類學(xué)的視角對(duì)這一理論的意義進(jìn)行深入的挖掘。論文采用文獻(xiàn)綜述和跨學(xué)科比較研究的方法,對(duì)狂歡化理論的來龍去脈展開詳細(xì)的分析。 論文的引言綜述了巴赫金的生平和研究現(xiàn)狀,并對(duì)審美人類學(xué)的出現(xiàn)與發(fā)展的大致輪廓進(jìn)行了勾勒,以便于在下文中對(duì)狂歡化理論進(jìn)行審美人類學(xué)視角的闡釋。最后說明了此選題的價(jià)值與意義,在于用一種新的學(xué)術(shù)視角來對(duì)狂歡化理論進(jìn)行哲學(xué)層面的本體思考和當(dāng)下依然具有相當(dāng)生命力的說明。 第一章論述狂歡化理論的內(nèi)容。首先從歐洲古老的狂歡節(jié)這一民間傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日溯源,說明狂歡化理論的出現(xiàn)是扎根于古老的民間文化土壤上的；接著從美學(xué)史的角度闡述狂歡化理論與前人理論的對(duì)比聯(lián)系,巴赫金對(duì)尼采等哲學(xué)家的思想的揚(yáng)棄；最后通過巴赫金對(duì)《巨人傳》的研究成果來考察狂歡化理論的形成過程。在“狂歡節(jié)”、“狂歡式”和“狂歡化”相互比較中,說明巴赫金對(duì)文學(xué)作品直面人類的存在狀態(tài)、追求人性的終極解放的理念的熱切關(guān)注。 第二章論述狂歡化理論產(chǎn)生的文化淵源和其蘊(yùn)藏的本體意義。首先,狂歡化理論建立在對(duì)民間文化尤其是階級(jí)前的農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)樸素渾然的生活狀態(tài)的深刻理解上,并通過對(duì)延續(xù)不斷的狂歡節(jié)傳統(tǒng)的研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)了一直存在于人類潛意識(shí)里的對(duì)新生、自由和平等世界的向往；其次,狂歡化理論是與巴赫金進(jìn)行的文學(xué)批評(píng)互相推進(jìn)而逐漸成熟的。這一理論與生俱來的開放自由特征,使其不僅在當(dāng)時(shí)對(duì)《巨人傳》等一批文學(xué)作品重新審視,而且也在當(dāng)代的文藝批評(píng)可以發(fā)出“狂歡”式的批評(píng)之聲。后者表現(xiàn)在狂歡化理論在當(dāng)下的眾聲喧嘩的賽博空間對(duì)民間文化、大眾文化的興起形成了理論層面的認(rèn)同和指導(dǎo),也使狂歡化理論自身有了廣闊的批評(píng)空間；最后通過對(duì)本體論歷史流變的梳理,指出在形而上學(xué)的本體論消亡的今天,在賽博空間日益使人類重返“部落化”的今天,哲學(xué)更加注重“此岸”的存在,人類生存的本質(zhì)追求就是在不斷的交往、整合中達(dá)到最后的自由、平等和新生的“狂歡”境界�？駳g于是成為人類為新本體斗爭的旨?xì)w,狂歡化理論也不同是遙遠(yuǎn)的烏托邦之夢(mèng)。 第三章回到當(dāng)下的賽博空間,從狂歡化理論所張揚(yáng)的狂歡化人類審美來分析人類生存的形態(tài)和種種不同以往的交往融合的可能。賽博空間使人類進(jìn)入了“后地理”和“后歷史”時(shí)代,人類的交流以光速的飛快與清潔創(chuàng)造了嶄新的時(shí)空觀念。為此,人類的審美世界也必將隨之發(fā)生巨變�？萍寂c人文、語言、種族、文化上的單一與多元、身體與心靈這些種種的概念都將容納進(jìn)新的更加包容的定義,因?yàn)橐磺卸荚谝钥床灰姷乃俣攘髯?向人類向往的自由的烏托邦進(jìn)變。 第四章論述了狂歡化理論的審美人類學(xué)研究與價(jià)值意義。首先說明巴赫金的其它理論與狂歡化理論呈現(xiàn)出的交集相生的現(xiàn)象,并指出其理論的獨(dú)創(chuàng)性和在當(dāng)時(shí)存在的主觀臆斷成分。巴赫金沒有進(jìn)行縱深的史料性的全面分析,而是按其個(gè)人的主觀取舍,將狂歡化廣場(chǎng)上形形色色的具有個(gè)體身份的人抽象到整體的人民性,從而取代了可貴的民主。這與巴赫金自己提倡的社會(huì)分析式的研究是自相矛盾的,換言之,形式主義在社會(huì)與文本中間犯了絕對(duì)的二元對(duì)立思維的錯(cuò)誤,而巴赫金在社會(huì)分析內(nèi)部有些想當(dāng)然地將具體與抽象的關(guān)系也對(duì)立化了；其次指出狂歡化理論在今天的賽博空間里迎來了它燦爛的春天,得到了真正的落地新生；最后從理論上實(shí)踐兩個(gè)層面上來總體觀看狂歡化理論對(duì)當(dāng)代的學(xué)術(shù)研究、跨學(xué)科實(shí)踐、學(xué)術(shù)精神和人類的全面發(fā)展的啟示和意義。 結(jié)語部分從狂歡化理論本身、狂歡化理論對(duì)人類歷史發(fā)展的反思和狂歡化理論在賽博空間的新生進(jìn)行了總結(jié)。一、狂歡化理論不是一個(gè)完全自足的理論。一方面,它和巴赫金的其它理論交織,互相生發(fā)影響；另一方面,它本身具有鮮明的對(duì)話性、開放性,這也是它能影響今天的時(shí)代的重要原因之一；二、狂歡化理論追根可數(shù)到先民的原始思維和宗教層面,它體現(xiàn)的思想作為人類思想里面的“意識(shí)流”,一直流淌到今天,體現(xiàn)著人類對(duì)審美自由生存的向往和追求；三、在賽博空間里,狂歡化理論真正地實(shí)現(xiàn)著無處不在的交流與融合,人類被高度技術(shù)化的同時(shí)也在交往能力上達(dá)到了空前的便利,狂歡化理論對(duì)人類社會(huì)如今出現(xiàn)的負(fù)面的冷漠現(xiàn)象提供了反思,也保持了一種昂揚(yáng)的打破界限的理論熱情。 論文的創(chuàng)新之處在于從審美人類學(xué)的新視角去研究巴赫金狂歡化理論在賽博空間里真正得以踐行的可能。論文適當(dāng)?shù)夭捎昧丝鐚W(xué)科的研究方法,對(duì)人類學(xué)、民俗學(xué)等可資利用的學(xué)科知識(shí)進(jìn)行了相應(yīng)的借鑒,以期論證狂歡化理論對(duì)文藝學(xué)研究的理論啟示和在今天的新生價(jià)值,并試圖表明,狂歡化理論研究是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)性的學(xué)術(shù)工程,不僅貫穿在巴赫金的多種理論中,還勾連古今多個(gè)學(xué)科的知識(shí)點(diǎn),并在賽博空間里大放異彩。
[Abstract]:Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin (1895-1975), a famous former Soviet literary scholar, philosopher, critic, philosopher, his original theory of a series of literature and art, anthropology, folklore, psychology, have an important impact on many disciplines of linguistics. Bakhtin's academic research lasted for a long time, very gorgeous, not only established a "super linguistics philosophy" based on the analysis and discussion of historical poetics, literary works are still in the form of proposed far-reaching theory of "dialogue", "Carnival" theory, and the polyphonic novel "heteroglossia" category, these theories concern after structuralism and postmodernism, with its magnificent tolerance and open the creative spirit of today is still from the academic research in the new century.
In many of Bakhtin's theory, the author chooses his carnival theory as the research object, in-depth excavation of the significance of the theory of aesthetic anthropology from the perspective of this paper. By using the comparative research method of literature review and interdisciplinary, the carnival theory of the ins and outs of detailed analysis.
In the introduction the life and research status of Bakhtin, and the emergence and development of aesthetic anthropology, the outline of the outline, to facilitate the perspective of aesthetic anthropology of carnival theory in the following explanation. Finally explains the value and significance of this topic, is to use a new academic perspective of philosophy the level of the carnival theory of ontology and the present thinking still has a considerable vitality.
The first chapter discusses the carnival theory. First, from the ancient Carnival in Europe this folk traditional festival carnival theory origin, that is rooted in the ancient folk culture; and then expounds from the perspective of the history of aesthetics of carnival theory and the previous theory of contact ratio, Bakhtin sublation of philosophers such as Nitzsch the idea of the research results of Bakhtin; the "giant" to investigate the formation process of the carnival theory. In the "Carnival", "Carnival" and "Carnival" comparison, shows Bakhtin on literary works face the human existence, the ultimate concern of the idea of the pursuit of human liberation.
The second chapter discusses the cultural origin of the carnival theory and its hidden meaning. Firstly, the carnival theory based on folk culture especially the profound understanding of class before the agricultural society living on the plain completely, and through the research of the continuity of the carnival tradition, that has existed in the human subconscious the new world of freedom and equality of longing; secondly, the carnival theory is Bakhtin's literary criticism and promote each other and gradually mature. Open and free features of this theory of innate, which not only in the time of the "giant > and a number of literary works again, but also in the contemporary the literary criticism can issue a" Carnival "type of criticism. The latter is manifested in the carnival theory in the hubbub of cyberspace of folk culture, the rise of popular culture has formed the theoretical layer Face recognition and guidance, the carnival theory has a broad space of criticism; finally, on the history of ontology carding, pointed out in the metaphysical ontology. Today, in cyberspace is to return humans to tribalization today, pay more attention to the philosophy of "the bank" exists, the pursuit of human nature life is in constant communication, integration to achieve the final freedom, equality and the new "Carnival" Carnival and become the human realm. As a new ontology struggle aim, the carnival theory is different is the distant utopian dream.
The third chapter back to the present moment of cyberspace, the carnival theory advocates the carnivalization of human aesthetic analysis of human existence form and all sorts of different communication and integration possible. Cyberspace makes mankind enter the "geography" and "history" era, human communication at the speed of light fast and clean to create space new concept. Therefore, human aesthetic world will be changed dramatically. The science and humanities, language, ethnicity, culture on single and multiple, the body and mind of all of these concepts will be accommodated into new and more inclusive definition, because everything is in order to see the speed rheological unseen, to human yearning the Utopia of freedom into the variable.
The fourth chapter discusses the carnival theory of aesthetic anthropology and value significance. Firstly the theory and other phenomena and the intersection of Bakhtin's carnival theory shows, and points out the theory of originality and the existing subjective components. Comprehensive analysis of historical data of Bakhtin are not deep, but according to their personal the subjective choice, the Carnival square is the identity of the people of every hue individual abstract to the whole people, thus replacing the precious democracy. This type of social analysis and Bakhtin advocated research is self contradictory, in other words, the formalism in the society and the text made of two opposite thinking the absolute error, and Bakhtin in the social analysis within some will most probably it did not actually happen the concrete and the abstract relations of opposites; secondly, the carnival theory in today's cyberspace It ushered in its brilliant spring and got the real landing of the new generation. Finally, from the two levels of theory, we looked at the revelations and Revelations of the carnival theory to contemporary academic research, interdisciplinary practice, academic spirit and the all-round development of human beings.
The conclusion from the carnival theory itself, the new carnival theory and Reflection on the development of human history of the carnival theory in cyberspace are summarized. First, the carnival theory is not a completely self-sufficient theory. On the one hand, it goes other theory and Bakhtin, each hair effect; on the other hand, it with vivid dialogue, openness, it can affect one of the important reasons for today's era; two, the carnival theory it to primitive thinking and religious aspect, it reflects the idea of human thought as the inside of the "stream of consciousness", has been flowing into today, which embodies human desire and pursuit on the aesthetic existence of freedom; three, in cyberspace, the carnival theory to achieve a ubiquitous communication and integration of human being with high technology is also a communicative ability of unprecedented The theory of Carnival has provided a reflection on the negative apathy of human society, and it has also maintained a strong theoretical enthusiasm to break the boundary.
The innovation of this paper is from the perspective of aesthetic anthropology to study Bakhtin's Carnival Theory in cyberspace in practice. This may be appropriate to use research methods, interdisciplinary of anthropology, folklore and other available knowledge of the corresponding reference, in order to demonstrate the carnival theory of literary research the theory and Enlightenment in the new value today, and tries to show that the carnival theory research is a systematic academic project, not only through a variety of Bakhtin's theory, includes many disciplines and knowledge, and shine in the cyberspace.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：I512.06

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