本文選題：十九世紀(jì) + 英國(guó)繪畫(huà)　； 參考：《湖南科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：風(fēng)景畫(huà)在歐洲繪畫(huà)史的地位可以說(shuō)是非常重要的,而說(shuō)到風(fēng)景畫(huà),可以追溯到中世紀(jì)時(shí)期,這一時(shí)期,許多畫(huà)家為了宗教題材壁畫(huà)的需要,繪制了許多記錄某些地方的風(fēng)景草圖,但此時(shí)風(fēng)景畫(huà)并不能并算是一個(gè)單獨(dú)的畫(huà)種。隨著繪畫(huà)的發(fā)展,風(fēng)景畫(huà)也逐漸從眾多的畫(huà)種之中脫穎而出,成為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的且在繪畫(huà)之中具有重要地位的畫(huà)種�，F(xiàn)在我們談到風(fēng)景畫(huà)必然想到法國(guó),因?yàn)轱L(fēng)景畫(huà)中很多著名的畫(huà)派都誕生于法國(guó),比如印象派、巴比松派、現(xiàn)實(shí)主義畫(huà)派。但是英國(guó)的風(fēng)景畫(huà)很少被人所提及,然而英國(guó)的風(fēng)景畫(huà)在歐洲繪畫(huà)史上所具有的地位并不比法國(guó)差,而且法國(guó)眾多的著名風(fēng)景畫(huà)派其源頭也可以追溯到英國(guó)的風(fēng)景畫(huà)�？v觀歐洲各國(guó)繪畫(huà)的發(fā)展史,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)英國(guó)繪畫(huà)的發(fā)展有著鮮明的特點(diǎn),因?yàn)槠涮厥獾牡乩砦恢?使得十四世紀(jì)的文藝復(fù)興運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)英國(guó)影響甚微,加上隨之到來(lái)的宗教改革對(duì)英國(guó)原本繪畫(huà)的破壞,使得歐洲其它各國(guó)的繪畫(huà)在迅速發(fā)展的時(shí)候英國(guó)繪畫(huà)的發(fā)展卻出現(xiàn)了斷層。而隨著小漢斯·荷爾拜因與凡·代克等外國(guó)畫(huà)家的到來(lái),肖像畫(huà)這一畫(huà)種也隨之進(jìn)入英國(guó),英國(guó)的畫(huà)壇也開(kāi)始被肖像畫(huà)這一個(gè)單獨(dú)的畫(huà)種所壟斷,在長(zhǎng)達(dá)四百多年的時(shí)間里,英國(guó)只有肖像畫(huà)這一個(gè)畫(huà)種,這完全就是英國(guó)繪畫(huà)的大蕭條時(shí)期。但是他們的到來(lái)也為英國(guó)的繪畫(huà)帶來(lái)了一絲生機(jī),為英國(guó)繪畫(huà)的再起步作出了貢獻(xiàn)。而再起步之后,英國(guó)繪畫(huà)的發(fā)展速度遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)了歐洲其它各國(guó)。英國(guó)特殊的地理位置給予了英國(guó)人民強(qiáng)烈的自豪感,使他們不再愿意讓自己國(guó)畫(huà)的畫(huà)壇被外國(guó)畫(huà)家所統(tǒng)治。再加上英國(guó)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命的成功以及工業(yè)革命的開(kāi)始,政治與經(jīng)濟(jì)開(kāi)始飛速發(fā)展,也讓英國(guó)人民有更多的精力與時(shí)間投入到對(duì)繪畫(huà)的欣賞之中,而“大旅行”的教育方式也使得英國(guó)人民沉浸于大自然的美麗風(fēng)光之中,英國(guó)民族風(fēng)景畫(huà)派也應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。再加上英國(guó)本土畫(huà)家們的努力,如威廉·荷加斯的諷刺風(fēng)俗畫(huà)為英國(guó)繪畫(huà)的推廣做出了不小的貢獻(xiàn),雷諾茲成立的英國(guó)皇家美術(shù)學(xué)院為英國(guó)的畫(huà)壇培養(yǎng)了大量的人才,而庚斯博羅是他奠定了英國(guó)民族風(fēng)景畫(huà)的基礎(chǔ)。也正是因?yàn)樗麄?英國(guó)民族風(fēng)景畫(huà)派才得以誕生,才會(huì)出現(xiàn)兩位站在了歐洲風(fēng)景畫(huà)巔峰的英國(guó)風(fēng)景畫(huà)大師——透納與康斯特布爾。而其后法國(guó)著名的印象派以及巴比松派正是受到這兩位風(fēng)景畫(huà)大師的影響才能夠得以誕生。
[Abstract]:The status of landscape painting in the history of European painting can be said to be very important. But when it comes to landscape painting, it can be traced back to the Middle Ages, when many painters needed frescoes on religious subjects. A lot of sketches have been made to record some places, but the landscape is not and is not a separate painting. With the development of painting, landscape painting has gradually emerged from many kinds of paintings and become an independent painting with an important position in painting. Now when we talk about landscape painting, we must think of France, because many of the famous painting schools in landscape painting are born in France, such as Impressionism, Babbitson, realism. However, English landscape painting is rarely mentioned, but its status in the history of European painting is not inferior to that of France, and the origin of many famous French landscape painting schools can be traced back to the English landscape painting. Looking at the history of painting development in European countries, we can find that the development of English painting has distinct characteristics, because of its special geographical location, the Renaissance movement in the 14th century had little influence on Britain. With the coming religious reform, the destruction of the original British painting, so that other European painting in the rapid development of the development of British painting has appeared a fault. With the arrival of foreign painters such as Hans Holbein, Jr., and Van Dyke, the portrait painting species also entered the United Kingdom, and the British painting world began to be monopolized by the portrait painting, a single kind of painting, which lasted for more than 400 years. There is only one type of portrait in England, which was the Great Depression of English painting. But their arrival also brought a trace of vitality for British painting, and contributed to the start of British painting. And after starting again, the development speed of British painting far exceeded other European countries. Britain's special geographical location gives the British people a strong sense of pride, making them no longer willing to let their painting world be ruled by foreign painters. Coupled with the success of the British bourgeois revolution and the beginning of the industrial revolution, the rapid development of politics and economy also gave the British people more energy and time to devote themselves to the appreciation of painting. However, the education of "Great Travel" made the British people immerse themselves in the beautiful scenery of nature, and the British National Landscape School came into being. Coupled with the efforts of British painters, such as William Hogarth's caricature and folklore, which contributed significantly to the promotion of British painting, the Royal Academy of Fine Arts, founded by Reynolds, trained a large number of people in the British painting world. Ginsboro was the foundation of his national landscape painting. It was because of them that the British National Landscape painting School was born, and there were two great masters of English landscape painting, Turner and Constable, who stood at the peak of European landscape painting. The famous Impressionists and Babylonians in France were influenced by these two masters of landscape painting.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：J209.9

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