發(fā)布時間：2018-06-07 19:23

  本文選題：農地 + 景觀分類��； 參考：《河北農業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：土地資源是人類社會生存和發(fā)展的核心,作為土地資源的重要組成部分,農地景觀因為不合理的開發(fā)利用而逐漸喪失景觀生態(tài)服務功能。正確評價土地與景觀的質量,保持農地景觀的健康,是每個土地資源學者們肩負的使命。本文根據(jù)國內外的研究成果,以農地景觀特征明顯的懷來縣為研究對象,結合景觀生態(tài)學等相關理論,提出了一種將農地景觀分類與景觀生態(tài)服務評價相結合的研究思路,以揭示不同類型的農地景觀在生態(tài)服務方面表現(xiàn)出的差異性。首先,運用定性與定量因素綜合分析的研究方法對懷來縣農地景觀進行了分類研究。在懷來縣農地景觀特征分析的基礎上,通過農地景觀范圍界定、主導因素分析、分類指標選取與分類框架構建等過程,最終將懷來縣農地景觀劃分為1個景觀類、5個景觀亞類與50個景觀單元。其次,根據(jù)懷來縣農地景觀分類結果,以景觀單元為評價單元,從生態(tài)美學與生態(tài)系統(tǒng)兩方面選取了15個指標構建農地景觀生態(tài)服務評價指標體系,以層次分析法與變異系數(shù)法綜合確定各指標權重,并對景觀單元進行生態(tài)服務評價。之后,根據(jù)景觀生態(tài)服務評價結果,分析懷來縣農地景觀生態(tài)服務空間差異,并從土地整治角度提出了農地景觀生態(tài)建設的相關建議。研究主要結論如下:(1)以景觀分類為基礎的景觀生態(tài)功能評價不僅可以彌補景觀分類無法對各景觀類型進行定量分析的弱點,同時也可以保證景觀生態(tài)服務評價對象內部保持一定的均質性,使評價結果更為客觀。(2)定性與定量因素綜合考慮的分類方法可以更為客觀的區(qū)分出景觀區(qū)域內景觀特征與功能形態(tài)的差異,并結合實地調查進行調整與完善,分類結果與懷來縣農地景觀實際情況相符,景觀單元之間生態(tài)服務強弱明顯,適用于懷來縣農地景觀的分類研究。(3)通過景觀分類與景觀生態(tài)服務評價,結果顯示懷來縣農地景觀生態(tài)服務差異性很大,各農地景觀單元所得分值范圍為0.1724-0.6527,呈現(xiàn)較為明顯的由中部“V”型盆地向南北兩側低山中山區(qū)逐步減弱的趨勢。生態(tài)服務處于“最高”水平的景觀單元數(shù)量只有4個,數(shù)量最少,景觀生態(tài)功能較為突出。另外,在總體上景觀單元的生態(tài)功能隨高程與坡度的增加而明顯下降,各景觀亞類生態(tài)服務則表現(xiàn)為水田景觀亞類水澆地景觀亞類果園景觀亞類旱地景觀亞類的趨勢。最后根據(jù)評價結果,對懷來縣土地整治景觀生態(tài)建設提出了相關建議。
[Abstract]:Land resources are the core of the survival and development of human society. As an important part of land resources, farmland landscape has gradually lost its ecological service function because of unreasonable exploitation and utilization. It is the mission of every land resource scholar to evaluate the quality of land and landscape correctly and maintain the health of farmland landscape. Based on the research results at home and abroad, this paper takes Huailai County, which has obvious farmland landscape characteristics, as the research object, combining with the related theories of landscape ecology, puts forward a research idea that combines farmland landscape classification with landscape ecological service evaluation. In order to reveal the different types of farmland landscape in the ecological services show differences. Firstly, the farmland landscape of Huailai County is classified by qualitative and quantitative factors. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of farmland landscape in Huailai County, through the definition of farmland landscape scope, the analysis of leading factors, the selection of classification indexes and the construction of classification framework, etc. Finally, the farmland landscape in Huailai County was divided into 1 landscape category, 5 landscape subclasses and 50 landscape units. Secondly, according to the classification results of farmland landscape in Huailai County, taking landscape unit as evaluation unit, 15 indexes were selected from two aspects of ecological aesthetics and ecosystem to construct evaluation index system of farmland landscape ecological service. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and coefficient of variation (CV) were used to determine the weights of each index, and the ecological services of landscape units were evaluated. Then, according to the evaluation results of landscape ecological services, the spatial differences of farmland landscape ecological services in Huailai County are analyzed, and the relevant suggestions for farmland landscape ecological construction are put forward from the perspective of land regulation. The main conclusions of the study are as follows: (1) Landscape ecological function evaluation based on landscape classification can not only make up for the weakness of landscape classification which can not be quantitatively analyzed for each landscape type. At the same time, it can also ensure that there is a certain homogeneity within the evaluation objects of landscape ecological services. So that the evaluation result is more objective. (2) the classification method which considers the qualitative and quantitative factors synthetically can distinguish the difference of landscape characteristics and function forms in landscape area more objectively, and adjust and perfect it in combination with field investigation. The classification results are consistent with the actual situation of farmland landscape in Huailai County, and the ecological service between landscape units is obvious, which is suitable for the classification study of farmland landscape in Huailai County. The results showed that the ecological service of farmland landscape in Huailai County was very different, and the score of each farmland landscape unit was 0.1724-0.6527, which showed a tendency of weakening gradually from the central "V" type basin to the low mountain and middle mountain area on both sides of the north and south. The number of landscape units in the "highest" level of ecological services is only 4, the number is the least, and the ecological function of landscape is more prominent. In addition, the ecological function of landscape unit decreased obviously with the increase of elevation and slope, and the ecological service of each landscape subclass was the trend of paddy field landscape subtype, irrigated land landscape subclass, orchard landscape subclass, dryland landscape subclass. Finally, according to the evaluation results, some suggestions on landscape ecological construction in Huailai County are put forward.
【學位授予單位】：河北農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S181;P901

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本文編號：1992515