本文選題：城市化 + 揚(yáng)州��； 參考：《揚(yáng)州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著城市化的發(fā)展,完整的城市生態(tài)環(huán)境逐漸被破壞。城市植物作為城市生態(tài)環(huán)境的重要組成部分,出現(xiàn)了如微生物減少、植物種類改變、植物多樣性降低等問題。人類賴以生存的環(huán)境正在受到威脅,因此保護(hù)城市生態(tài)環(huán)境至關(guān)重要。本文沿?fù)P州城市中心(文昌閣)向南延伸至郊區(qū)(楊子村便民服務(wù)中心)的連續(xù)梯度帶上調(diào)研了4種綠地類型。研究其植物物種組成、生活型、地理區(qū)系及植物多樣性的變化,以期探明城市化對(duì)城市植物分布的影響,為揚(yáng)州城市植物景觀建設(shè)及植物多樣性保護(hù)提供理論依據(jù)。主要結(jié)果如下:(1)研究區(qū)域內(nèi),植物共有86科193屬251種,其中喬木30科53屬66種,灌木35科55屬67種(含木質(zhì)藤本),草本39科94屬115種,竹子1科2屬3種。最為常見的科為禾本科(Theaceae)、薔薇科(Chenopodiaceae)、菊科(Caprifoliaceae)和木犀科(Moraceae);最為常見的屬為女貞屬(Ligustrum)、蓼屬(Polygonum)、槭屬(Acer)和圓柏屬(Sabina)。植物屬分布以北溫帶分布與泛熱帶分布類型為主,兩者間有一定的過渡性。這與揚(yáng)州屬于亞熱帶季風(fēng)性濕潤(rùn)氣候向溫帶季風(fēng)氣候的過渡區(qū)相一致。(2)不同城市綠地類型的植物物種數(shù),從大到小依次為公園綠地(68科141屬174種)、居住區(qū)綠地(73科142屬166種)、單位綠地(55科95屬107種)和街道綠地(50科88屬100種)。植物物種數(shù)量沿城區(qū)向郊區(qū)呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢(shì)。對(duì)生活型而言,常綠喬木與落葉喬木物種數(shù)比值為0.5,從大到小依次為公園、單位、道路和居住區(qū)綠地,其比值分別為:0.75、0.69、0.6、0.4;常綠灌木與落葉灌木物種數(shù)比值為2,從大到小依次為單位、道路、公園和居住區(qū)綠地,其比值分別為:8.5、3、2.27、2.07;一年生草種與多年生草種物種數(shù)比值為0.95,從大到小依次為單位、公園、居住區(qū)綠和道路綠地,其比值分別為:0.94、0.79、0.69、0.66。(3)從城區(qū)到郊區(qū),喬木與灌木的Margalef豐富度指數(shù)、Shannon-Wiener多樣性指數(shù)、Simpson多樣性指數(shù)、Pielou均勻度指數(shù)均值總體走勢(shì)呈下降趨勢(shì)。草本的Margalef豐富度指數(shù)均值總體走勢(shì)呈上升趨勢(shì),Shannon-Wiener多樣性指數(shù)、Simpson多樣性指數(shù)、Pielou均勻度指數(shù)均值總體走勢(shì)呈先下降后上升趨勢(shì)。對(duì)不同綠地類型而言,其植物多樣性沿城區(qū)到郊區(qū)呈現(xiàn)不同的變化趨勢(shì),其中公園綠地受城市化的程度影響最大。
[Abstract]:With the development of urbanization, the intact urban ecological environment is destroyed gradually.As an important part of urban ecological environment, urban plants have many problems, such as the decrease of microorganism, the change of plant species and the decrease of plant diversity.The environment on which human beings depend is being threatened, so it is very important to protect the urban ecological environment.In this paper, four types of green space were investigated along the continuous gradient belt of Yangzhou City Center (Wenchang Pavilion) extending south to the suburbs (Yangzi Village convenience Service Center).The changes of plant species composition, life form, geographical flora and plant diversity were studied in order to find out the effect of urbanization on urban plant distribution and provide theoretical basis for plant landscape construction and plant diversity protection in Yangzhou.The main results are as follows: 1) there are 251 species of 86 families 193 genera, including 30 families, 53 genera and 66 species of Arbor, 67 species of shrubs, 35 families, 55 genera and 67 species (including woody vine, 39 families, 94 genera, 115 species, 1 family, 2 genera and 3 species of bamboo).The most common families are Theaceaeae, Chenopodiaceaeae, Caprifoliaceaeae and Moraceaeae, while the most common genera are Ligustrumus, Polygonum Polygonum, Acer) and Sabinaeae.The north temperate distribution and pantropical distribution are dominant, and there is a certain transition between them.This is consistent with the transitional region of Yangzhou, which belongs to the subtropical monsoon humid climate to the temperate monsoon climate) the number of plant species of different urban greenbelt types.The order from big to small is 174 species belonging to 141 genera and 68 families of green land in parks, 166 species of green land of 73 families and 142 genera in residential areas, 107 species of 55 families, 95 genera and 107 species per unit of greenbelt) and 100 species of 100 species belonging to 88 genera and 50 families of street greenbelts.The number of plant species decreased along the urban area to the suburbs.For life form, the ratio of evergreen tree to deciduous tree species is 0.5, from big to small is park, unit, road and residential green space,The ratio of species to species of evergreen shrub and deciduous shrub is 2. The order from big to small is the unit, road, park and residential green space, and the ratio is 0. 75%, 0. 69% and 0. 6% respectively, and the ratio of species of evergreen shrub to deciduous shrub is 2.The ratio of annual grass species to perennial grass species is 0.95, which is in turn from large to small, the green of parks, residential areas and road greenbelts are respectively: 1. 0. 94% 0.94% 0. 79% 0. 69% 0. 66. 3) from urban to suburban areas, the ratio of annual grass species to perennial grass species is 0. 95%, and the ratio is 0. 95% to 0. 05%, respectively, and the ratio is 0. 95% to 0. 05%, respectively.The Margalef richness index Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Margalef evenness index of Arbor and shrub showed a downward trend as a whole.The average value of Margalef richness index of herbaceous plants showed an upward trend, and Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Margalef evenness index showed a trend of decrease first and then an upward trend.For different types of green space, their plant diversity varies from urban area to suburb, and park greenbelt is most affected by urbanization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S731

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