本文選題：道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)　切入點(diǎn)：道路疊加　出處：《南京信息工程大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：道路發(fā)展速度隨著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展也越來(lái)越快。但是道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)的快速發(fā)展和擴(kuò)張給環(huán)境造成了不可避免的損害。道路會(huì)影響周?chē)纳鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng),造成生態(tài)服務(wù)價(jià)值下降、景觀破碎化、生態(tài)流受阻、棲息地質(zhì)量下降以及生態(tài)累積效應(yīng)等問(wèn)題。隨著道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)密度的增加,道路網(wǎng)給道路沿線的景觀造成巨人的影響。隨著道路的建設(shè)和運(yùn)營(yíng)對(duì)周?chē)h(huán)境造成生態(tài)累積,道路引起的環(huán)境問(wèn)題和地球系統(tǒng)本身生態(tài)交感的全球化趨勢(shì),它慢慢成為了一個(gè)全球性的問(wèn)題。因此運(yùn)用生態(tài)學(xué)知識(shí)和景觀生態(tài)學(xué)原理來(lái)理解、探索和解決道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)周邊生態(tài)環(huán)境造成的問(wèn)題是十分必要的。本文以鹽城市近十年來(lái)景觀生態(tài)變化為研究對(duì)象,采用遙感和地理信息系統(tǒng)技術(shù),對(duì)鹽城市道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)景觀產(chǎn)生的影響進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)分析。結(jié)合景觀生態(tài)學(xué)方法、生境評(píng)價(jià)方法、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能與價(jià)值評(píng)價(jià)方法等相關(guān)原理,利用GIS的空間分析功能和Fragstats的景觀格局分析功能,通過(guò)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能偏離累積指數(shù)(FCI)、景觀結(jié)構(gòu)干擾累積指數(shù)(CLDI)、植被退化累積指數(shù)(VCI)構(gòu)建生態(tài)累積效應(yīng)模型(ECEI),分析不同道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)鹽城市帶來(lái)的累積生態(tài)影響。研究表明：(1)十年來(lái),鹽城市耕地面積減小了76919.83公頃,有8635.84公頃轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闈竦?110147.33公頃轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榻ㄔO(shè)用地。建設(shè)用地是鹽城市第二大景觀生態(tài)類(lèi)型,十年來(lái)增加了117278.00公頃,其中主要來(lái)源是耕地,其次是濕地。濕地作為鹽城市重要保護(hù)類(lèi)型,減少了39930.80公頃,主要轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楦睾徒ㄔO(shè)用地。(2)道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)密度與景觀破碎度、結(jié)構(gòu)分維度和景觀分離度均存在顯著相關(guān)性關(guān)系,其中道路密度與破碎度指數(shù)、分離度指數(shù)呈極顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系,說(shuō)明當(dāng)?shù)缆肪W(wǎng)絡(luò)密度增大時(shí),生態(tài)景觀破碎度與生態(tài)系統(tǒng)斑塊分離度也隨之顯著增大；道路密度與分維度指數(shù)呈極顯著負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系,當(dāng)?shù)缆肪W(wǎng)絡(luò)密度增大后,分維度顯著減小。從不同生態(tài)系統(tǒng)來(lái)看,道路網(wǎng)密度與林地、濕地、耕地、建設(shè)用地和裸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的景觀破碎度、分維度和分離度之間呈極顯著相關(guān)性關(guān)系。道路網(wǎng)密度與草地分離度呈顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系,與破碎度和分維數(shù)沒(méi)有相關(guān)性。(3)林地、濕地和耕地在道路網(wǎng)累積下累積指數(shù)均為正值,這些生態(tài)系統(tǒng)在道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)影響下不僅面積在減小,而且不斷遭受著越來(lái)越大的累積影響,尤其以三級(jí)公路和四級(jí)公路對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成的影響為最。道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)越密集,給生態(tài)系統(tǒng)帶來(lái)的負(fù)面累積效應(yīng)也越強(qiáng),因此道路應(yīng)避開(kāi)受保護(hù)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng),避免保護(hù)植被受累積影響作用。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the global economy, the speed of road development is also getting faster and faster.However, the rapid development and expansion of road network has caused inevitable damage to the environment.The road will affect the surrounding ecosystem, resulting in the decline of the value of ecological services, landscape fragmentation, ecological flow obstruction, habitat quality decline and ecological accumulation effect and so on.With the increase of the density of road network, the landscape along the road will be affected by the road network.With the construction and operation of roads causing ecological accumulation in the surrounding environment, the environmental problems caused by roads and the global trend of ecological interaction between the earth system itself, it has gradually become a global problem.Therefore, it is necessary to use ecological knowledge and landscape ecology to understand, explore and solve the problems caused by road network to the surrounding ecological environment.In this paper, the landscape ecological changes in Yancheng in recent ten years are studied. The impact of road network on landscape in Yancheng is analyzed systematically by using remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) technology.Combining the related principles of landscape ecology method, habitat evaluation method, ecosystem service function and value evaluation method, the spatial analysis function of GIS and the landscape pattern analysis function of Fragstats are used.The ecological accumulation effect model was constructed by ecosystem function deviation accumulation index (FCII), landscape structure disturbance accumulation index (CLDIA) and vegetation degradation accumulation index (VCI). The cumulative ecological impact of different road networks on salt city was analyzed.The study shows that in the past ten years, the cultivated land area in Yancheng City has decreased by 76919.83 hectares, and 8635.84 hectares have been converted into wetland land (110, 147.33 hectares) for construction purposes.Construction land is the second largest landscape ecological type in Yancheng City, with an increase of 117278.00 hectares in the past ten years, of which the main source is cultivated land, followed by wetland.As an important type of protection in Yancheng City, wetland has reduced 39930.80 hectares, mainly transformed into cultivated land and construction land.) the density of road network is significantly correlated with landscape fragmentation, and there is a significant correlation between structural dimension and landscape separation degree.The correlation between road density and fragmentation index and separation index is very significant, which indicates that when road network density increases, ecological landscape fragmentation degree and ecosystem patch separation degree also increase significantly with the increase of road network density.The correlation between road density and dimensionality index is extremely significant, and when the density of road network increases, the fractal dimension decreases significantly.According to different ecosystems, the density of road network was significantly correlated with the landscape fragmentation degree of forest land, wetland, cultivated land, construction land and bare land ecosystem.There was a significant positive correlation between the density of road network and the degree of grassland separation, but no correlation with fragmentation and fractal dimension. The accumulation index of wetland and cultivated land was positive under the accumulation of road network.Under the influence of road network, these ecosystems are not only decreasing in area, but also suffering from more and more cumulative impacts, especially for the third and fourth grade roads.The denser the road network, the stronger the negative accumulative effect on the ecosystem. Therefore, the road should avoid the protected ecosystem and protect vegetation from the cumulative effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京信息工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P901

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條

1 韓倩倩;潮洛o，

本文編號(hào)：1701221