本文選題：康復(fù)景觀　切入點(diǎn)：老年人　出處：《清華大學(xué)》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生設(shè)施中引入自然要素并加以精心設(shè)計(jì),通過人與環(huán)境的互動,以期對使用者產(chǎn)生身心積極作用的園林類型被稱為康復(fù)景觀。養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)庭園環(huán)境以及基于老年人身心健康促進(jìn)作用而設(shè)計(jì)的園林綠地都屬于廣義的老年人康復(fù)性景觀。在我國老齡化現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重的社會背景下,老年人人居環(huán)境建設(shè)的重要性凸顯,康復(fù)景觀是促進(jìn)老年人身心健康、提高其生活質(zhì)量的重要保證,并且具有社會經(jīng)濟(jì)效益、有利于社會整體和諧�？祻�(fù)景觀應(yīng)該采用循證設(shè)計(jì)的方法,將設(shè)計(jì)建立在實(shí)證研究基礎(chǔ)上才能較好適應(yīng)使用者需求進(jìn)而充分發(fā)揮景觀的健康促進(jìn)作用。因此應(yīng)積極開展針對我國老年人的康復(fù)景觀循證設(shè)計(jì)研究,針對這一課題,本文從三個(gè)層次對其進(jìn)行論述研究。第一部分是研究基礎(chǔ),主要論述了康復(fù)景觀與循證設(shè)計(jì)兩大基本概念。首先系統(tǒng)性地對康復(fù)景觀的歷史沿革和研究類型進(jìn)行梳理總結(jié),歷史方面以西方和我國的情況作對比論述;研究內(nèi)容方面,對康復(fù)景觀目前的研究進(jìn)行了4個(gè)方面的分類,包括景觀康復(fù)性研究、園藝療法研究、環(huán)境行為健康研究以及親生物性研究。其次對循證設(shè)計(jì)展開論述,從產(chǎn)生背景、概念、方法到康復(fù)景觀采用循證設(shè)計(jì)的具體案例分別進(jìn)行研究。第二部分是實(shí)證研究,對養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)康復(fù)景觀和城市綠地老年人康復(fù)景觀展開具體的定量研究。在養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)庭園研究中,采用血壓、心率和專注力測試方法對老年人使用庭園前后的生理心理指標(biāo)測定,并且對庭園的使用情況和認(rèn)知特征進(jìn)行問卷調(diào)查,結(jié)果顯示庭園活動對身心健康都產(chǎn)生改善作用,且景觀空間特征影響了具體康復(fù)效果和使用狀況。在城市綠地研究中,測試?yán)夏耆松硖幉煌坝^類型中的肌電反應(yīng)值和精神疲勞恢復(fù)度,結(jié)果表明老年人在自然景觀中的身體放松效果明顯好于室內(nèi),且整體上產(chǎn)生較好的心理恢復(fù),植物景觀對身體放松產(chǎn)生顯著效果,并且在特定景觀類型中身體康復(fù)有性別差異性。根據(jù)實(shí)證研究的結(jié)果均進(jìn)行了討論,并且提出該環(huán)境的景觀規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)建議。第三部分是設(shè)計(jì)研究層面,對一般老年人和失智老年人的康復(fù)景觀環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)展開論述。在明確室外庭園環(huán)境對老年人的意義,以及相關(guān)設(shè)計(jì)研究的基礎(chǔ)上,提出兩種環(huán)境所應(yīng)采取的循證設(shè)計(jì)模型,并對具體的設(shè)計(jì)策略展開詳細(xì)論述,最后以實(shí)際案例和使用后評價(jià)對設(shè)計(jì)的方法和要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步闡述。
[Abstract]:The introduction and design of natural elements in health facilities, through the interaction between people and the environment, The garden type with the purpose of exerting a positive effect on the body and mind of the user is called rehabilitation landscape. The garden environment of the pension institution and the garden green space designed on the basis of promoting the physical and mental health of the elderly all belong to the broad sense of rehabilitation of the elderly. Landscape. Under the social background of the serious aging phenomenon in our country, The importance of the construction of the elderly human settlements environment is highlighted. The rehabilitation landscape is an important guarantee to promote the physical and mental health of the elderly and to improve their quality of life, and it also has social and economic benefits. The rehabilitation landscape should adopt the method of evidence-based design. Based on the empirical research, the design can better adapt to the needs of the users and give full play to the health promotion role of the landscape. Therefore, we should actively carry out the research on evidence-based design of rehabilitation landscape for the elderly in China, and aim at this subject. The first part is the research foundation, which mainly discusses the two basic concepts of rehabilitation landscape and evidence-based design. Firstly, it systematically summarizes the historical evolution and research types of rehabilitation landscape. In the aspect of history, it is compared with the situation in the West and China. In the aspect of research contents, there are four kinds of research on rehabilitation landscape, including landscape rehabilitation research, horticultural therapy research, landscape rehabilitation research and horticultural therapy research. Environmental behavioral health research and biophilic research. Secondly, the evidence-based design is discussed, from the background, concept, method to rehabilitation landscape using evidence-based design specific case study. The second part is empirical research. The physical and psychological indexes of the elderly before and after the use of the garden were measured by blood pressure, heart rate and concentration in the study of the garden for the aged, the rehabilitation landscape of the aged and the rehabilitation landscape of the elderly in urban green space were studied in detail, and the physiological and psychological indexes of the elderly before and after the use of the garden were measured. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the use and cognitive characteristics of gardens. The results showed that garden activities improved both physical and mental health, and the landscape spatial characteristics affected the specific rehabilitation effect and use status. The results showed that the physical relaxation effect of the elderly in the natural landscape was better than that in the indoor, and the overall psychological recovery was better. Plant landscape has a significant effect on body relaxation, and there are gender differences in physical rehabilitation in specific landscape types. The third part is the design research level, discusses the rehabilitation landscape environment design of the general elderly and the retarded elderly, and clarifies the significance of outdoor garden environment to the elderly. On the basis of the related design research, this paper puts forward the evidence-based design model for the two environments, and discusses the specific design strategies in detail. Finally, the design methods and key points are further elaborated with practical cases and post-use evaluation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU984.14
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本文編號：1651070