【摘要】：山西方音史的研究與唐五代宋西北方音的研究密切相關,現代的山西方言是唐五代宋西北方音直接發(fā)展演變的結果。研究山西方音史可利用的古文獻資料很多,除了韻書、域外譯音等研究外,大量的古詩文用韻是我們研究山西方音史的寶貴資料。本文選擇唐代山西詩人詩歌用韻作為研究對象,運用描寫、韻部分析、算術統(tǒng)計和比較等方法,對唐代山西籍127位詩人的3556首詩歌、4208個韻段進行了窮盡性的分析研究。文章通過歸納唐代山西詩人詩歌的韻部系統(tǒng),總結了三條通語音變規(guī)律。根據對唐代山西詩韻中特殊用韻語音性質的分析,探討唐代山西地區(qū)的實際語音與唐五代西北方音的密切聯(lián)系。本文的研究有助于豐富唐代語音史的研究,并從用韻的角度為山西方音史的研究提供事實依據。文章歸納出唐代山西詩人近體詩韻系29部,其中陰聲韻13部,陽聲韻15部,入聲韻1部。歸納古體詩韻系共31部,其中陰聲韻9部,陽聲韻13部,入聲韻9部。唐代山西詩人詩歌用韻與唐代通語韻系基本相符唐代山西詩人詩歌用韻中顯示出了3條重要的通語音變:1《廣韻》佳韻系字葉入麻韻,佳韻系“涯、崖、娃”等字歸入麻韻,形成“麻佳”部;2齊祭韻與支脂之韻相押,這一音變主要發(fā)生在晚唐詩人詩韻中,相押比例不大,有合流趨勢,但沒有達到合流的程度;3尤侯韻部分唇音字與魚模相押,在唐代山西這一語音演變進程比較緩慢。文章分析了唐代山西詩人詩歌用韻中全濁上聲字入韻的情況,認為唐代山西濁上變去的語音演變已經開始,但相當一部分的全濁上聲字仍處在演變過程中。對于韻段中出現的平上相押和去入相押的現象也做出了相應的分析。文章詳盡分析了唐代山西詩人詩歌用韻中的特殊用韻情況,其中陰聲韻之間的混押有歌戈部與麻佳部,歌戈部與魚模部,麻佳部與魚模部,支微部與魚模部;陽聲韻之間的混押有同韻尾間的混押,如覃鹽部與侵尋部,寒桓部、刪山部、先仙部、文分部和元魂部,蒸登部與庚青部,江雙部與東鐘部,陽唐部與東鐘部,還有不同陽聲韻尾間的混押,如侵尋部與蒸登部,侵尋部與庚青部,文分部與蒸登部;入聲韻之間混押有同韻尾間的混押,如職德部與陌錫部,藥鐸部與覺學部、狎葉部與緝邑部、職德部與藥鐸部,還有不同入聲韻尾間的混押;唐代山西詩人詩歌用韻中還有1個陽聲韻鼻音韻尾脫落與陰聲韻混押的韻例。這些都可以在唐五代西北方音研究中所使用的少數民族文字對音材料(如漢藏對音、夏漢對音)中得到印證。通過分析,我們認為除去仿古和作者偶然為之的用韻外,特殊用韻應該是唐代山西方音的反映。從整體上看,唐代山西詩人用韻是以通語為基礎的,但是韻例中仍然能夠反映出當時詩人的實際語言狀況。文章還單獨列出唐代山西詩人詩歌用韻中的一些特殊韻字并加以分析,這些字在一定程度上反映了當時的實際語音變化,是后人研究唐代語音的重要參考。
[Abstract]:The study of the history of Shanxi dialects is closely related to the study of the northwest dialects in Tang and Five Dynasties and Song Dynasties. Modern Shanxi dialects are the result of the direct development and evolution of the northwest dialects in Tang and Five Dynasties and Song Dynasties. This paper chooses the rhyme of Shanxi poets in the Tang Dynasty as the research object and makes an exhaustive analysis of 3556 poems and 4208 rhymes of 127 Shanxi poets in the Tang Dynasty by means of description, rhyme analysis, arithmetic statistics and comparison. Based on the analysis of the phonetic properties of the special rhymes in Shanxi in the Tang Dynasty, this paper discusses the close relationship between the actual phonetics in Shanxi in the Tang Dynasty and the northwest dialects in the Tang and Five Dynasties. There are 29 modern-style poetry rhymes of Shanxi poets in Tang Dynasty, of which 13 are yin-tone rhyme, 15 are yang-tone rhyme and 1 is entering rhyme. There are 31 ancient-style poetry rhymes, including 9 are yin-tone rhyme, 13 are yang-tone rhyme and 9 are entering rhyme. Change: 1 < Guang Yun > Jia Yun is a rhyme, and Jia Yun is a rhyme, and Ya, Ya, Wa is a rhyme, forming "Ma Jia"; 2 Qi Festival rhyme and Zhizhi rhyme are rhymed together, which mainly occurs in the late Tang poetry rhyme, the rhyme proportion is small, there is a trend of confluence, but not to the degree of confluence; 3 You Hou rhyme part of the lip characters and fish model rhyme, in the Tang Dynasty. The evolution of Shanxi pronunciation in the Tang Dynasty is relatively slow. This paper analyzes the situation of the Phonetic Evolution of Shanxi poets in the Tang Dynasty. This paper makes a detailed analysis of the special rhymes used by Shanxi poets in the Tang Dynasty, including the mixed rhymes of Gog and Majia, Gog and Fish Mould, Majia and Fish Mould, and the mixed rhymes of Yangsheng and Yun, such as the mixed rhymes of salt and invasion. Xun Bu, Hanhuan Bu, Chuan Shan Bu, Xianxian Bu, Wen Bu and Yuan Soul Bu, Zhengdeng Bu and Geng Qing Bu, Jiangshuang Bu and Dongzhong Bu, Yangtang Bu and Dongzhong Bu, as well as the intermingling of different Yangsheng rhyme tails, such as intrusion and steaming, intrusion and Geng Qing Bu, text and steaming Bu; the intermingling of rhyme tails between intrusion rhyme and rhyme, such as Gongde Bu and Mo Xi There are also some mixed rhymes in the poems of Shanxi poets in the Tang Dynasty, such as the rhyme ending of the rhyme of the rhyme of the rhyme of the rhyme of the rhyme of the rhyme of the rhyme of the rhyme of the rhyme of the rhyme of the rhyme of the rhyme of the rhyme of the rhyme of the rhyme of the rhyme of the rhyme of the rhyme of the rhyme of the rhyme of the rhyme of the rhyme of the rhyme of the Through the analysis, we think that the special rhyme should be the reflection of Shanxi dialect in Tang Dynasty, except for the rhyme imitating the ancients and the author's accidental rhyme. The article also lists and analyzes some special rhyming words in the rhymes of Shanxi poets'poems in the Tang Dynasty. These words reflect the actual phonetic changes at that time to a certain extent and are an important reference for later generations to study the phonetic sounds of the Tang Dynasty.
【學位授予單位】：山西大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：I207.22

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