清初士人“逃禪”現(xiàn)象及其對文學之影響研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-01 14:32
【摘要】：在異族入主的歷史沖擊以及明季思想風氣的雙重影響之下,大批士人選擇剃染披緇、遁跡佛門,遂于清初形成一場規(guī)�？涨暗奶佣U風潮。由于他們“棄儒歸釋”的行為不僅在形式上有別于此前歷代的士大夫禪悅,而且在行動上度越了儒、釋之間的底線,故而對清初士人文化品格以及士大夫文化傳統(tǒng)造成前所未有的觸動,而明清鼎革的特殊性,亦使清初逃禪在超塵出世的宗教解脫氣質(zhì)中猶有一種龍性難馴的血性,從而在清代文學、宗教、文化等諸多領(lǐng)域映射出一種“火中生蓮”式的獨異光彩。易言之,清初士人逃禪現(xiàn)象是在極為特殊且復(fù)雜的歷史文化環(huán)境中衍生的一場文化動蕩。它的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)跨越了明、清兩個朝代,它的文化根源含納了儒、釋、道三教思想在士大夫文化傳統(tǒng)中的相互激蕩,而其文化關(guān)系又包含著明清因革過程中政治、文化、宗教等若干因素的力量消長,并折射出彼時士大夫階層精神煉獄式的思想救贖過程。這些內(nèi)容通過逃禪士人的文學實踐直接或間接地融注到各種體裁的文學文本當中,成為考察彼時文學與文化因革的重要參照。遺憾的是,明清佛教與文學關(guān)系的研究一直相對薄弱,學界對清初逃禪現(xiàn)象認識長期依附于遺民研究,而文化視野下的文學研究并不多見。為此,本文將清初士人逃禪現(xiàn)象作為研究起點,以其生住異滅的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)為經(jīng),以其關(guān)涉的重要政治、宗教、文化、文學現(xiàn)象為緯,綜合利用文獻考證、詩史互證、互文性文本解讀等研究方法,對逃禪事跡進行鉤沉、考辨、歸類,對逃禪現(xiàn)象的成因、走向、思想特質(zhì)、文學與文化影響進行具體討論,并藉此對清初文學的文化肌理、發(fā)展脈絡(luò)進行更為細致的勾勒。此外,通過前述內(nèi)容的討論,亦可對逃禪現(xiàn)象與清初宗教生態(tài)、文化格局的關(guān)系形成更為信實、全面的觀照,進而對于考察整個十七世紀中國文學的嬗變以及彼時宗教、文化史的變遷皆有一定的認識價值。
[Abstract]:Under the influence of the historical impact of the foreign race and the ideological atmosphere of the Ming Dynasty, a large number of scholars chose to shave and dye the garb to escape the Buddhist gate, and then formed an unprecedented tide of escaping Zen in the early Qing Dynasty. Because their behavior of "abandoning Confucianism and returning to Buddhism" is not only in form different from the Zen pleasure of scholars and officials in previous dynasties, but also in their actions they have overstepped the bottom line between Confucianism and Buddhism. Therefore, the cultural character of the scholars and the cultural tradition of the literati and officials in the early Qing Dynasty had never been touched. However, the particularity of the Ming and Qing dynasties also made the escape of Zen in the early Qing Dynasty still have a kind of blood which is difficult to train in the transcendent religious liberation. Thus, in the Qing Dynasty literature, religion, culture and many other fields mapped out a "lotus in the fire" type of unique brilliance. In other words, the phenomenon of scholars fleeing Zen in the early Qing Dynasty was a cultural turbulence derived from the extremely special and complicated historical and cultural environment. Its development has spanned the Ming and Qing dynasties. Its cultural roots include the mutual agitation of Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and Taoism in the cultural tradition of literati and bureaucrats, and its cultural relations include politics and culture in the process of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Some factors, such as religion, rise and fall, and reflect the spiritual purgatory process. These contents directly or indirectly melt into the literary texts of various genres through the literary practice of escaping Zen scholars and become an important reference for the investigation of literature and culture at that time. Unfortunately, the study of the relationship between Buddhism and literature in the Ming and Qing dynasties has been relatively weak, and scholars' understanding of the phenomenon of escaping from Zen in the early Qing Dynasty has been attached to the study of the bereaved people for a long time. Therefore, this article regards the phenomenon of the scholars fleeing Zen in the early Qing Dynasty as the starting point of the research, taking the development of its birth and death as the sutra, taking the important political, religious, cultural and literary phenomena involved in it as the latitude, synthetically making use of the textual research of the literature and the mutual proof of the history of poetry. The research methods, such as intertextuality, text interpretation, and so on, are used to analyze, study and classify the deeds of escaping Zen, and to discuss the causes, trends, ideological characteristics, literature and cultural influence of the phenomenon of escaping from Zen specifically, and then to discuss the cultural texture of literature in the early Qing Dynasty. The development of the context for a more detailed outline. In addition, through the discussion of the above-mentioned contents, we can also form a more reliable and comprehensive view of the relationship between the phenomenon of escaping Zen and the religious ecology and cultural pattern in the early Qing Dynasty, and then examine the evolution of Chinese literature throughout the 17th century and the religion of that time. The changes of cultural history have certain cognitive value.
【學位授予單位】：南開大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：I206.2
，
本文編號：2157886
[Abstract]:Under the influence of the historical impact of the foreign race and the ideological atmosphere of the Ming Dynasty, a large number of scholars chose to shave and dye the garb to escape the Buddhist gate, and then formed an unprecedented tide of escaping Zen in the early Qing Dynasty. Because their behavior of "abandoning Confucianism and returning to Buddhism" is not only in form different from the Zen pleasure of scholars and officials in previous dynasties, but also in their actions they have overstepped the bottom line between Confucianism and Buddhism. Therefore, the cultural character of the scholars and the cultural tradition of the literati and officials in the early Qing Dynasty had never been touched. However, the particularity of the Ming and Qing dynasties also made the escape of Zen in the early Qing Dynasty still have a kind of blood which is difficult to train in the transcendent religious liberation. Thus, in the Qing Dynasty literature, religion, culture and many other fields mapped out a "lotus in the fire" type of unique brilliance. In other words, the phenomenon of scholars fleeing Zen in the early Qing Dynasty was a cultural turbulence derived from the extremely special and complicated historical and cultural environment. Its development has spanned the Ming and Qing dynasties. Its cultural roots include the mutual agitation of Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and Taoism in the cultural tradition of literati and bureaucrats, and its cultural relations include politics and culture in the process of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Some factors, such as religion, rise and fall, and reflect the spiritual purgatory process. These contents directly or indirectly melt into the literary texts of various genres through the literary practice of escaping Zen scholars and become an important reference for the investigation of literature and culture at that time. Unfortunately, the study of the relationship between Buddhism and literature in the Ming and Qing dynasties has been relatively weak, and scholars' understanding of the phenomenon of escaping from Zen in the early Qing Dynasty has been attached to the study of the bereaved people for a long time. Therefore, this article regards the phenomenon of the scholars fleeing Zen in the early Qing Dynasty as the starting point of the research, taking the development of its birth and death as the sutra, taking the important political, religious, cultural and literary phenomena involved in it as the latitude, synthetically making use of the textual research of the literature and the mutual proof of the history of poetry. The research methods, such as intertextuality, text interpretation, and so on, are used to analyze, study and classify the deeds of escaping Zen, and to discuss the causes, trends, ideological characteristics, literature and cultural influence of the phenomenon of escaping from Zen specifically, and then to discuss the cultural texture of literature in the early Qing Dynasty. The development of the context for a more detailed outline. In addition, through the discussion of the above-mentioned contents, we can also form a more reliable and comprehensive view of the relationship between the phenomenon of escaping Zen and the religious ecology and cultural pattern in the early Qing Dynasty, and then examine the evolution of Chinese literature throughout the 17th century and the religion of that time. The changes of cultural history have certain cognitive value.
【學位授予單位】：南開大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：I206.2
，
本文編號：2157886
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