本文選題：八股論評(píng) + 小說(shuō)評(píng)點(diǎn)��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：八股文是明清兩代科舉應(yīng)試的文體，它肇始于宋經(jīng)義，完備于明成化年間，盛行于明清兩朝。在科舉制度化、功利化的影響下，隨著明代印刷出版業(yè)的興起，針對(duì)指導(dǎo)八股文寫(xiě)作而產(chǎn)生的八股論評(píng)也隨之產(chǎn)生并興盛一時(shí)。郭紹虞先生曾指出：“明代的文人，殆無(wú)不與時(shí)文發(fā)生關(guān)系；明代的文學(xué)或文學(xué)批評(píng)，殆也無(wú)不直接間接受著時(shí)文的影響�！� 而明清時(shí)期的小說(shuō)評(píng)點(diǎn)做為中國(guó)古代小說(shuō)的重要批評(píng)形式，在其形成及發(fā)展過(guò)程中受到多種藝術(shù)門(mén)類(lèi)批評(píng)理論的影響，其中與八股文法的影響關(guān)系尤為明顯。但由于八股文本身的沒(méi)落和被鄙棄，對(duì)于這方面的研究尚不夠深入和全面。本論文試圖從記錄八股文法的載體——八股論評(píng)入手，詳盡分析八股論評(píng)產(chǎn)生的歷史背景，并選取“代圣人立言”和結(jié)構(gòu)安排技巧兩個(gè)大的方面深入剖析小說(shuō)評(píng)點(diǎn)對(duì)于八股論評(píng)的全面借鑒。小說(shuō)做為一種敘事文學(xué)體裁，能夠從傳統(tǒng)詩(shī)學(xué)理論中汲取的營(yíng)養(yǎng)非常有限。而大量地借鑒八股文法這種文章學(xué)的理論范疇與觀念，在一定程度上促進(jìn)了小說(shuō)的創(chuàng)作和傳播。但隨著科舉制度的終結(jié)，八股文被拋棄和塵封，小說(shuō)評(píng)點(diǎn)也走向了它的終結(jié)。本論文結(jié)構(gòu)如下： 第一部分，主要分析八股論評(píng)形成的背景。八股論評(píng)是在考試制度下形成的特殊評(píng)論型文體，其最實(shí)際性的作用是指導(dǎo)當(dāng)時(shí)的科舉士子。通過(guò)對(duì)八股論評(píng)興起的社會(huì)文化考察，在理論傳承影響上對(duì)八股論評(píng)進(jìn)行梳理分析。著重分析朝代更迭對(duì)社會(huì)環(huán)境風(fēng)氣的影響；政治制度對(duì)考試文體的規(guī)定；出版業(yè)的興盛這幾個(gè)方面的客觀原因?qū)Π斯烧撛u(píng)的影響作用，總結(jié)出八股論評(píng)格式形成的重要原因。 第二部分，總結(jié)八股論評(píng)的精神內(nèi)涵。八股文的精神指導(dǎo)是“代圣立言”，由此也就決定了八股論評(píng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要遵循“文以載道”。八股論評(píng)從內(nèi)容到形式對(duì)八股文法進(jìn)行了詳盡的闡釋?zhuān)@些文法又相應(yīng)的影響到了小說(shuō)評(píng)點(diǎn)的外在和內(nèi)涵。雖然這些影響體現(xiàn)在小說(shuō)評(píng)點(diǎn)的諸多層面，但影響最重要的方面首先是精神內(nèi)涵的傳承，這主要包括對(duì)于整體性的強(qiáng)調(diào)和代圣人立言的儒家精神。通過(guò)對(duì)“代圣”精神內(nèi)涵的分析，思想傳承的梳理，得出產(chǎn)生如此內(nèi)涵的原因。同時(shí)對(duì)比小說(shuō)評(píng)點(diǎn)的精神內(nèi)涵，在指導(dǎo)思想上分析兩種批評(píng)文體的影響關(guān)系。 第三部分，分析八股論評(píng)的結(jié)構(gòu)，以文獻(xiàn)分析的方法對(duì)相關(guān)的評(píng)論典籍進(jìn)行列舉分析總結(jié)。任何時(shí)代文學(xué)現(xiàn)象和文學(xué)事件都不是偶然產(chǎn)生的，同樣，所有的文學(xué)形式也都不會(huì)孑然獨(dú)立不與任何文學(xué)類(lèi)別產(chǎn)生關(guān)系。通過(guò)對(duì)比八股論評(píng)與小說(shuō)評(píng)點(diǎn)兩種文體在結(jié)構(gòu)上的相同點(diǎn)、不同點(diǎn)、前后發(fā)生順序等結(jié)構(gòu)形式，總結(jié)出八股論評(píng)在結(jié)構(gòu)上對(duì)小說(shuō)評(píng)點(diǎn)的影響方式和結(jié)果。 結(jié)論，筆者得出明清八股論評(píng)是對(duì)小說(shuō)評(píng)點(diǎn)有影響作用的。這種影響作用的積極方面表現(xiàn)在：促進(jìn)了小說(shuō)評(píng)點(diǎn)的發(fā)生發(fā)展，小說(shuō)評(píng)點(diǎn)的盛行又促進(jìn)了明清小說(shuō)的流行。同樣，由于八股論評(píng)本質(zhì)上的一些弊端在也制約著小說(shuō)評(píng)點(diǎn)的發(fā)展。八股論評(píng)的根源是僵死的理論模式，且在發(fā)展過(guò)程中也并未吸收新鮮的血液，導(dǎo)致了這種評(píng)點(diǎn)文體的消失滅亡，由于兩種評(píng)點(diǎn)文體的連帶性質(zhì)，小說(shuō)評(píng)點(diǎn)也由此銷(xiāo)聲匿跡了。
[Abstract]:The eight essay is the style of the examination of the imperial examination of the two dynasties in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It originated in Song Jingyi, was complete in the Ming and Qing Dynasty and was prevalent in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Under the influence of the institutionalization of the imperial examination and utilitarianism, with the rise of the printing and publishing industry in the Ming Dynasty, the comments on the eight shares of the eight shares which led to the writing of the eight shares have also come into being and flourished. Mr. Guo Shaoyu once pointed out that "The literati in the Ming Dynasty are all closely related to the current texts. The literary or literary criticism in the Ming Dynasty almost always accepted the influence of the time text."
As an important criticism form of Chinese ancient novels in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it is influenced by many kinds of art class criticism theory in its formation and development, especially the influence of the eight styles of grammar. However, because of the decline and disdain of the eight pieces of text, the research on this aspect is not thorough and comprehensive. The thesis tries to analyze the historical background of the eight shares from the record of the eight shares of the eight shares of grammar, and to analyze the comprehensive reference of the comment on the eight shares by selecting the "sage sage" and the structure arrangement technique in two aspects. The novel is a narrative literature genre and can be from the traditional poetics. The nutrition of the theory is very limited. A large number of the theoretical categories and concepts of the eight strands of grammar, which are used for reference, have promoted the creation and dissemination of the novel to a certain extent. However, with the termination of the imperial examination system, the eight shares are abandoned and dusty, and the comments of the novel have also come to an end.
The first part mainly analyzes the background of the formation of the comment on the eight shares theory. The eight shares theory is a special criticism style which is formed under the examination system. Its most practical role is to guide the imperial examinations at that time. Through the social and cultural investigation of the rise of the eight shares, the analysis of the eight comments on the influence of the theoretical inheritance and the analysis of the dynasties are focused on the analysis of the dynasties. The influence of the change on the atmosphere of the social environment; the regulations of the political system on the style of examination; the influence of the objective reasons for the prosperity of the publishing industry on the evaluation of the eight shares, and the important reasons for the formation of the eight comments on the form of the comment.
The second part summarizes the spiritual connotation of the comment on the theory of the eight shares. The spiritual guidance of the eight shares is "the generation of the holy words", which determines that the criteria for the evaluation of the eight shares should follow the "Wen Yi Dao". The eight shares comment on the eight shares of grammar in detail from the content to the form, which have the corresponding influence on the external and connotation of the novel evaluation. Although these effects are reflected in many aspects of the novel's commentary, the most important aspect of the influence is the inheritance of the spiritual connotation, which includes the emphasis on the integrity and the Confucian spirit of the sage. Through the analysis of the spiritual connotation of the "Saint", the reason for the connotation of the connotation is obtained. The spiritual connotation of the novel commentary points out the influence relationship between the two critical styles in guiding ideology.
The third part is to analyze the structure of the comment on the eight shares, and to sum up the relevant comments and classics by the method of literature analysis. Any literary and literary events of the times are not accidental. Similarly, all the literary forms will not be independent of the category of Ren Hewen. The two types of structural forms, such as the same points of the structure, the different points and the order of the front and back, are said to sum up the ways and results of the influence of the eight shares on the structure of the novel.
The author concludes that the comment on the eight shares of the Ming and Qing Dynasties has an impact on the comment of the novel. The positive aspects of this effect are as follows: promoting the occurrence and development of the novel comments and the popularity of the novels of the novels of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Also, because of the essence of the eight shares, the criticism has also restricted the development of the novels. The root of the comment on the eight shares is the theoretical model of rigid death, and the fresh blood is not absorbed in the process of development, which leads to the disappearance and extinction of this kind of comment style. As a result of the joint nature of the two types of comment style, the criticism of the novel has disappeared.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：I207.41

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本文編號(hào)：2043673