語義生成，語法化和語法隱喻
發(fā)布時間：2019-07-01 11:30
【摘要】：“語法化”概念是由法國語言學家Meillet在20世紀初首次提出�？偟膩碚f，迄今為止的語法化研究主要可以分為兩大學派：生成主義的語法化研究和功能主義的語法化研究。這兩大學派在語法化的概念、動因、機制等方面持有不同的觀點。注重共時研究的結(jié)構主義在20世紀語言學領域內(nèi)占據(jù)主導，受其影響，大多數(shù)的語法化研究均從共時的角度出發(fā)，認為語法化研究可從個案出發(fā)從而推導出普遍適用的原則，因而歷時角度的研究沒有受到應有的重視。 然而，自70年代末開始，歷時角度的語法化研究又逐漸興盛，很多語言學家開始以語法化為工具去分析一些從共時角度無法得到合理解釋的語法現(xiàn)象。與此同時，系統(tǒng)功能語言學家Halliday提出了“語法隱喻”這一概念。澄清了詞匯隱喻與語法隱喻的關系。他認為隱喻不僅可以發(fā)生在詞匯層，也可以發(fā)生在（詞匯）語法層，這兩者并非不同的語法現(xiàn)象，而是同一現(xiàn)象的兩個方面，都是我們賴以擴大語義來源以闡釋人類經(jīng)驗的策略。語法隱喻進而被視為意義產(chǎn)生的工具。自此，不斷發(fā)展的語法隱喻理論為解釋很多復雜的語法現(xiàn)象提供了新的更為全面合理的視角。 這兩種理論都以語言形式及結(jié)構的變化為研究對象，都試圖找到導致語言發(fā)生變化背后的動因。因此，這兩種理論之間必定有一定的理論相關性。以系統(tǒng)功能語言學為理論基礎，論文將從語義生成的兩個時間框架，即個體語言發(fā)展和種系語言進化的歷時維度，探討語法化和語法隱喻發(fā)生的動機、二者的本質(zhì)及理論共同點。 經(jīng)過論證，作者認為語法化的本質(zhì)可以重新界定為詞匯語法化——詞匯語法系統(tǒng)在與語義系統(tǒng)互動下的進化和發(fā)展過程。詞匯語法化的動因是施加于語言上的元功能需求和語義需求。在個體語言發(fā)展和種系語言進化的歷程中，在元功能需求的推動下詞匯語法層不斷發(fā)展擴大著人類的意義潛勢，詞匯語法化是語義生成的過程；另一方面，語法隱喻是語義生成的工具，在個體語言發(fā)展和種系語言進化的過程中，人際隱喻和概念隱喻相繼出現(xiàn)，語法隱喻發(fā)生的動機是日益增長的元功能需求和不斷擴大的語義壓力。隱喻化和去隱喻化共同作用于語法隱喻的形成和發(fā)展。綜上所述，語法化在重新界定為詞匯語法化后，被視為語義生成的過程，語法隱喻則是語義生成的工具。這兩者都以語法和詞匯的不可分割性為前提，有著相同的動因。通過此項研究，，我們對語言的進化和發(fā)展過程有了清晰的認識，語義并不是預先存在的現(xiàn)象，而是在個體語言發(fā)展和種系語言進化的過程中不斷建構出來的。語言是一個三層次的社會符號系統(tǒng)，一個意義潛勢不斷擴大和豐富的語義生成過程。
[Abstract]:The concept of "grammaticalization" is first put forward by the French linguist, Meilet, in the early 20th century. In general, the study of the grammaticalization to date can be divided into two universities: the grammaticalization of the generative doctrine and the functionalism of the functionalism. The two universities have different views on the concept, the motivation and the mechanism of the grammaticalization. The structuralism of the study of the common time has taken the lead in the field of 20-century linguistics. At the end of the 1970s, however, the study of the grammaticalization of the diachronic angle was gradually flourishing, and many linguists began to use the grammaticalization as a tool to analyze the grammatical phenomenon that could not be reasonably explained. At the same time, Halliday, a systematic functional linguist, put forward the concept of "grammatical metaphor". It clarified the relation between the lexical metaphor and the grammatical metaphor. He thought that the metaphor could not only occur in the lexical level, but also in the (lexical) grammar layer, which is not a different grammatical phenomenon, but the two aspects of the same phenomenon... The two theories, both in the form of the language and the change of the structure, try to find the motivation behind the change of the language. Therefore, there must be some theoretical correlation between the two theories. Based on the systematic functional linguistics, the paper will study the two time frames of the semantic generation, namely, the development of the individual language and the diachronic dimension of the evolution of the language of the seed system, and explore the motive, the essence and the theory of both the grammar and the grammatical metaphor. In common, the author holds that the essence of grammaticalization can be redefined as the process of the evolution and development of the vocabulary grammar system under the interaction with the semantic system.
【學位授予單位】：蘇州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H04
本文編號：2508434
[Abstract]:The concept of "grammaticalization" is first put forward by the French linguist, Meilet, in the early 20th century. In general, the study of the grammaticalization to date can be divided into two universities: the grammaticalization of the generative doctrine and the functionalism of the functionalism. The two universities have different views on the concept, the motivation and the mechanism of the grammaticalization. The structuralism of the study of the common time has taken the lead in the field of 20-century linguistics. At the end of the 1970s, however, the study of the grammaticalization of the diachronic angle was gradually flourishing, and many linguists began to use the grammaticalization as a tool to analyze the grammatical phenomenon that could not be reasonably explained. At the same time, Halliday, a systematic functional linguist, put forward the concept of "grammatical metaphor". It clarified the relation between the lexical metaphor and the grammatical metaphor. He thought that the metaphor could not only occur in the lexical level, but also in the (lexical) grammar layer, which is not a different grammatical phenomenon, but the two aspects of the same phenomenon... The two theories, both in the form of the language and the change of the structure, try to find the motivation behind the change of the language. Therefore, there must be some theoretical correlation between the two theories. Based on the systematic functional linguistics, the paper will study the two time frames of the semantic generation, namely, the development of the individual language and the diachronic dimension of the evolution of the language of the seed system, and explore the motive, the essence and the theory of both the grammar and the grammatical metaphor. In common, the author holds that the essence of grammaticalization can be redefined as the process of the evolution and development of the vocabulary grammar system under the interaction with the semantic system.
【學位授予單位】：蘇州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H04
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