發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-03-27 20:37

【摘要】：模糊性是語(yǔ)言的基本屬性，并廣泛存在于語(yǔ)言之中。模糊限制語(yǔ)作為模糊語(yǔ)的典型，最早由George Lakoff于1972年提出。他指出模糊限制語(yǔ)就是那些“把事情弄得模模糊糊的詞語(yǔ)”。隨后模糊限制語(yǔ)進(jìn)入語(yǔ)言學(xué)研究范疇。這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)提出以來(lái)，眾多學(xué)者從各個(gè)角度對(duì)不同語(yǔ)篇中的模糊限制語(yǔ)進(jìn)行了大量的研究，并取得了豐碩的成果。綜觀國(guó)內(nèi)外過(guò)去對(duì)模糊限制語(yǔ)的研究，研究對(duì)象大多數(shù)集中于學(xué)術(shù)，媒體，還有少數(shù)研究是針對(duì)新聞中的模糊限制語(yǔ)，而對(duì)政治演說(shuō)尤其是就職演說(shuō)辭中的模糊限制語(yǔ)的研究比較不足。從研究角度來(lái)看，起初對(duì)模糊限制語(yǔ)的研究?jī)H限于從語(yǔ)義學(xué)的角度。隨著語(yǔ)用學(xué)和語(yǔ)篇分析法的發(fā)展，更多學(xué)者開始從語(yǔ)用學(xué)的角度研究模糊限制語(yǔ)。對(duì)模糊限制語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)用研究更多是基于一些著名的語(yǔ)用理論如會(huì)話含義理論、會(huì)話合作原則和禮貌原則。順應(yīng)理論作為語(yǔ)用學(xué)中一個(gè)新的分支，是由維索爾倫提出的。與以往的傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)用理論不同，順應(yīng)理論研究角度更加全面，它將認(rèn)知，社會(huì)和文化因素考慮在內(nèi)，對(duì)模糊限制語(yǔ)的研究提供了一種嶄新和更全面的視角。本論文中，在順應(yīng)理論的框架下，作者對(duì)就職演說(shuō)中的模糊限制語(yǔ)進(jìn)行了具體的分析。 本文選取美國(guó)44任歷任和現(xiàn)任總統(tǒng)的60篇就職演講為分析語(yǔ)料，從語(yǔ)用學(xué)的角度，運(yùn)用順應(yīng)論對(duì)模糊限制語(yǔ)進(jìn)行詳盡的分析。維索爾倫認(rèn)為，語(yǔ)言的使用就是一個(gè)不斷做出選擇的過(guò)程，話語(yǔ)的產(chǎn)出者之所以做出選擇是為了順應(yīng)語(yǔ)境的相關(guān)成分以滿足交際需要。本文認(rèn)為模糊限制語(yǔ)在政治演說(shuō)中的使用是演說(shuō)者為了達(dá)到交際的目的而對(duì)詞匯和短語(yǔ)做出的精確選擇，是有意識(shí)的動(dòng)態(tài)順應(yīng)語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)境的過(guò)程。本文從對(duì)語(yǔ)境的順應(yīng)角度對(duì)所選語(yǔ)料進(jìn)行分析。對(duì)語(yǔ)境的順應(yīng)包括對(duì)精神世界、社交世界和物理世界的順應(yīng)。通過(guò)詳盡的分析，，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)使用模糊限制語(yǔ)是一種有效的語(yǔ)言策略以用來(lái)順應(yīng)語(yǔ)言使用者的精神世界，包括對(duì)語(yǔ)言使用者的情緒，信念和動(dòng)機(jī)的順應(yīng)，社交世界，包括社會(huì)背景制度，憲法和價(jià)值觀的順應(yīng)和物理世界，包括對(duì)時(shí)間和不確定性的順應(yīng)。 通過(guò)對(duì)就職演說(shuō)中模糊限制語(yǔ)順應(yīng)論的研究，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)運(yùn)用模糊限制語(yǔ)是語(yǔ)言選擇和語(yǔ)言順應(yīng)的結(jié)果，在言語(yǔ)交際中，選擇模糊限制語(yǔ)是滿足語(yǔ)言使用者交際需要的語(yǔ)言策略。順應(yīng)論作為一個(gè)新的語(yǔ)用學(xué)理論，能夠從更全面的角度來(lái)分析語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象。另外，使用模糊限制語(yǔ)是演講者精心選擇來(lái)順應(yīng)語(yǔ)境相關(guān)成分的語(yǔ)言策略，因此，對(duì)模糊限制語(yǔ)的研究有利于語(yǔ)言使用者更好的理解演講者的意圖，從而更好的理解演講的內(nèi)容，同時(shí)也利于演講者做演講時(shí)能夠更好的選擇語(yǔ)言來(lái)滿足語(yǔ)言使用者的交際需要。由于時(shí)間的限制，論文只從順應(yīng)交際語(yǔ)境的角度對(duì)就職演說(shuō)中的模糊限制語(yǔ)進(jìn)行了分析，另外，對(duì)語(yǔ)境的順應(yīng)中，要考慮在內(nèi)的語(yǔ)境相關(guān)成分因素難免會(huì)有所缺漏。
[Abstract]:The fuzziness is the basic attribute of the language and is widely present in the language. As a typical of the vague language, the first was proposed by George Lakoff in 1972. He points out that the fuzzy limit is the "A vague word.". Then the fuzzy-restricted language is introduced into the field of linguistics. Since the term is put forward, many scholars have carried out a lot of research on the fuzzy limit in different texts from various angles, and made great achievements. In the past, the research of the fuzzy limit in the past, most of the research objects are focused on the academic, the media, and the minority research is the fuzzy limit in the news, and the study of the political speech, especially the fuzzy limit in the speech of the Inaugural Address, is not enough. From the point of view of the study, the initial study of the fuzzy restricted language is limited only from the perspective of semantics. With the development of the pragmatic and the discourse analysis, more scholars have begun to study the fuzzy limits from the perspective of pragmatics. The pragmatic study of the fuzzy restricted language is based on some well-known pragmatic theories, such as the theory of conversational implicature, the principle of session cooperation and the principle of politeness. The adaptation theory, as a new branch of pragmatics, is proposed by Versauron. Different from the traditional pragmatic theory, the research of the adaptation theory is more comprehensive, which takes into account the cognitive, social and cultural factors, and provides a new and more comprehensive view for the study of the fuzzy limit language. In this paper, under the framework of the theory of adaptation, the author analyses the fuzzy limit in his inaugural address. This paper, from the perspective of pragmatics, makes a detailed analysis of the fuzzy restrictive language from the perspective of pragmatics. The use of language is a process of constant choice, and the choice of the output of the discourse is to conform to the relevant components of the context so as to meet the needs of the communication This paper holds that the use of the fuzzy limited language in the political speech is the precise choice of the words and phrases by the speaker in order to achieve the purpose of communication, and it is the process of the conscious dynamic adaptation of the language structure and the context. This paper makes an analysis of the selected corpus from the angle of the context. Adaptation of the context includes a response to the spiritual world, the social world and the physical world Through a detailed analysis, the author finds that the use of the fuzzy limit language is an effective language strategy to conform to the spiritual world of the language user, including the compliance of the language user's mood, the belief and the motivation, the social world, including the social background system. Adaptation and physical world of the Constitution and values, including compliance with time and uncertainty Based on the study of the adaptation of the fuzzy limit in the inaugural address, the author finds that the use of the fuzzy restricted language is the result of the language selection and the language adaptation, and in the speech communication, the choice of the fuzzy limit language is the language that meets the needs of the language user's communication. A new theory of pragmatics can be used to analyze the present language from a more comprehensive perspective. in addition, that use of the fuzzy limit language is the language strategy of the speaker to carefully choose to conform to the context-related component, so the study of the fuzzy limit language is beneficial to the language user to better understand the speaker's intention, thus better understand the interior of the speech On the other hand, the speaker can better select the language to meet the needs of the language user when the speaker is in the speech In this paper, due to the limitation of time, the paper analyses the fuzzy limit in the inaugural speech only from the angle of the communicative context, and in addition, in the context of the context, it is difficult to take into account the factors that are relevant to the context.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H030

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