【摘要】：“方”在漢語史上是一個具有眾多語義的常用詞，在發(fā)展過程中“方”引申出功能多樣，意義繁復的虛詞用法。“方”的虛詞用法語法化的直接源頭是“并、并船”義動詞，但是和“旁（旁側(cè)）”義的本義也密切相關(guān)。 在漢語史中發(fā)現(xiàn)“方”的副詞功能共有十一個義項，《詩經(jīng)》時期“方”的副詞明確呈現(xiàn)并發(fā)展出“時間副詞”和“范圍副詞”兩種功能，具有“剛剛”、“將要”、“正在”、“永遠”、“共”、“都”等六種詞義，在先秦時期及以后的作品中還發(fā)現(xiàn)了“方”的其他副詞義，如“已經(jīng)”、“才”、“只”等。功能已經(jīng)相當復雜的副詞“方”并未停止它繼續(xù)語法化的進程，又發(fā)展出承接副詞、語氣（肯定）副詞、情狀副詞的功能。從意義層面上看，表示“并船”義的動詞“方”其義素可以分析為：【+兩個或兩個以上物體】、【+合在一起】、【+空間位置上平排】。以上義素與“方”的“剛”等副詞義項可能有或密或疏的聯(lián)系，并制約副詞“方”的發(fā)展。 “方”的介詞功能產(chǎn)生略晚于副詞功能，在先秦時期就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)并延續(xù)使用到清朝，它的直接來源是表“正在”義的同時時間副詞“方3”，但動詞“方”的“并船”義對介詞“方”的產(chǎn)生也有一定的影響。 本論文共分為五大部分： 第一章：緒論，主要描述前輩時賢對“方”的研究狀況，提出本課題的虛體意義及價值，并簡要闡述本文的研究方法與語料選擇。 第二章：“方”的詞義溯源，綜述前人對于“方”字本義研究，從行、音、義的角度贊同“方”本義為“旁”的觀點，并理清“方”的引申義和假借義。 第三章：討論副詞“方“的產(chǎn)生及功能意義的發(fā)展，并深入探究其副詞各個義項的語法意義以及誘發(fā)語法化的機制。 第四章：“方”的介詞用法只有一個表示時間的功能，綜述前人關(guān)于時間介詞“方”的語法化路徑的基礎(chǔ)上，論述介詞“方”的產(chǎn)生極其語法化動因，及以“方”作為構(gòu)詞語素構(gòu)詞的雙音節(jié)介詞“方當”的意義和來源。 第五章：總結(jié)“方”的本義和詞義引申系統(tǒng)，概括虛詞“方”的產(chǎn)生及動因，，描繪“方”的意義極其發(fā)展路線。
[Abstract]:In the history of Chinese, "Fang" is a common word with many semantics. In the process of development, "Fang" has a variety of functions and complicated meanings. The direct source of the function word of "Fang" in French is the semantic verb "Union, concurrence", but it is also closely related to the original meaning of "side (side)". In the history of Chinese, it is found that there are eleven meanings of the adverb function of "Fang". In the period of the Book of songs, the adverbs of "Fang" clearly presented and developed two functions of "adverb of time" and "adverb of scope", which have the functions of "just" and "will". In the pre-Qin period and later works, other adverb meanings of "Fang" have been found, such as "already", "just", "only", and so on, among the six meanings of "being", "forever", "Communist" and "du". The complex adverb "Fang" has not stopped the process of grammaticalization and developed the functions of following adverbs, modal adverbs and modal adverbs. At the level of meaning, the verb "square", which denotes the meaning of "parallel ship", can be analyzed as: [two or more objects], [together], and [horizontal in space]. The above-mentioned sememes may have a close or sparse connection with the adverb "Gang" of "Fang", and restrict the development of the adverb "Fang". The preposition function of "Fang" is a little later than the function of adverb. It has appeared and continued to be used in the Qing Dynasty in the pre-Qin period. Its direct source is that the adverb "Fang 3" is at the same time of meaning, and the adverb "Fang 3" is at the same time of meaning. However, the parallel meaning of the verb "Fang" also has a certain influence on the preposition "Fang". This paper is divided into five parts: chapter one: introduction, which mainly describes the research status of Fang by the forefathers, puts forward the significance and value of this topic, and briefly expounds the research methods and corpus selection of this paper. Chapter two: tracing the origin of the meaning of the word "Fang", summarizing the previous studies on the original meaning of the word "Fang", agreeing with the viewpoint that the original meaning of "Fang" is "side" from the point of view of line, sound and meaning, and clarifying the quoted meaning and false meaning of "Fang". The third chapter discusses the generation of adverb "Fang" and the development of its functional meaning, and probes into the grammatical meaning of its adverb and the mechanism of inducing grammaticalization. Chapter four: the usage of preposition of "Fang" has only one function of expressing time. On the basis of summarizing the grammaticalization path of the preposition "Fang" of time, this paper discusses the generation of preposition "Fang" and its grammaticalization motivation. And the meaning and source of the disyllabic preposition Fangdang, which uses Fang as morpheme. The fifth chapter summarizes the original meaning and the extended system of the word meaning, generalizes the origin and motivation of the function word "Fang", and describes the meaning and the developing route of the word "Fang".
【學位授予單位】：溫州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H141

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