【摘要】：2008年“被自殺”的流行，讓“被XX”構(gòu)式一出現(xiàn)就在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上快速流傳開(kāi)來(lái)。該構(gòu)式打破了傳統(tǒng)的語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，表達(dá)了更豐富的語(yǔ)用意義，吸引了眾多學(xué)者的注意。 論文首先從該構(gòu)式的句法，語(yǔ)義，語(yǔ)用及認(rèn)知成因方面對(duì)相關(guān)研究進(jìn)行了綜述。以人民網(wǎng)和鳳凰網(wǎng)新聞中出現(xiàn)的“被XX”語(yǔ)料作為研究?jī)?nèi)容，從句法語(yǔ)義限制和認(rèn)知理?yè)?jù)的研究角度對(duì)以下幾個(gè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行研究：1）跟傳統(tǒng)的“被”字句相比，新型的被構(gòu)式有哪些獨(dú)特的句法，語(yǔ)義和語(yǔ)用特征？2）這些句法，語(yǔ)義和語(yǔ)用特征形成的認(rèn)知理?yè)?jù)是什么？ 基于對(duì)大量語(yǔ)料的比較和分析，作者對(duì)該構(gòu)式的句法、語(yǔ)義和語(yǔ)用特征進(jìn)行了比較詳細(xì)的描寫(xiě)。特征總結(jié)如下：從句法層面來(lái)看，進(jìn)入新構(gòu)式的句法成分多樣化；有隱形的施動(dòng)者，，但是不能在句中出現(xiàn)。從語(yǔ)義層面看，語(yǔ)義角色沖突，受事性降低，語(yǔ)義的主觀性和否定性增強(qiáng)。從語(yǔ)用層面看，該構(gòu)式表達(dá)了更加豐富的語(yǔ)用意義，除了表示對(duì)經(jīng)歷者的同情和隱形施動(dòng)者的厭惡，還增加了反諷和嘲笑的意味。 原有構(gòu)式的事件性降低，主觀性增強(qiáng)，使不符合語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的現(xiàn)象變得合理，同時(shí)是豐富語(yǔ)用意義產(chǎn)生的原因。文章結(jié)合語(yǔ)言的語(yǔ)觀性和主觀化理論對(duì)以上的特征做出了以下解釋?zhuān)簭恼f(shuō)話者的情感角度來(lái)看，該構(gòu)式體現(xiàn)了說(shuō)話者對(duì)遭受者的同情和對(duì)強(qiáng)勢(shì)的施動(dòng)者的憎惡，說(shuō)話者表達(dá)情感的需要使語(yǔ)義沖突趨于合理。從說(shuō)話者的視角來(lái)看，說(shuō)話者的視角更加主觀，整個(gè)構(gòu)式表達(dá)了說(shuō)話者的主觀否定態(tài)度，指稱(chēng)性減弱，主觀描述性增強(qiáng)，從而使句法成分可以多樣話。同時(shí)視角的轉(zhuǎn)換消除了原有的句法限制，使句法成分多樣化變得可以接受。從說(shuō)話者的認(rèn)識(shí)來(lái)看，該構(gòu)式表達(dá)了對(duì)命題意義的否定判斷。因?yàn)槭录陌l(fā)生出乎說(shuō)話人的主觀期待，說(shuō)話者表達(dá)了對(duì)不合理事件的嘲笑和諷刺。 本研究對(duì)語(yǔ)言理論學(xué)建設(shè)和語(yǔ)言教學(xué)有一定的啟發(fā)作用。
[Abstract]:In 2008, the popularity of "suicide" made the "XX" structure quickly spread on the Internet. The construction breaks the traditional grammatical rules, expresses more pragmatic meanings, and attracts the attention of many scholars. Firstly, this paper reviews the syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and cognitive causes of the construction. Based on the XX corpus appearing in people's Daily and Phoenix New Media's news, this paper studies the following questions from the perspective of syntactic and semantic restriction and cognitive motivation: 1) comparing with the traditional "Bei" sentence; What are the unique syntactic, semantic and pragmatic features of the new construction? 2) what are the cognitive motivations for these syntactic, semantic and pragmatic features? Based on the comparison and analysis of a large number of corpus, the author describes the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic features of the construction in detail. The features are summarized as follows: from the syntactic level, the syntactic components entering the new constructions are diversified; there are invisible operators, but they cannot be found in the sentence. From the semantic level, semantic role conflict, the decline of receptivity, semantic subjectivity and negative enhancement. From a pragmatic point of view, the construction expresses a richer pragmatic meaning, which not only expresses sympathy for the experienced and the aversion of the invisible actors, but also increases the implication of irony and ridicule. The reduction of the event nature of the original construction and the enhancement of subjectivity make the phenomenon which does not conform to the grammatical rules reasonable and the reason for the enrichment of pragmatic meaning. Based on the linguistic and subjective theories of language, this paper makes the following explanations: from the perspective of the speaker's emotion, the construction reflects the speaker's sympathy for the victim and his abhorrence of the strong mover. The speaker's need to express emotion makes semantic conflict more reasonable. From the perspective of the speaker, the speaker's perspective is more subjective, the whole construction expresses the speaker's subjective negative attitude, the referential character is weakened, and the subjective descriptive nature is enhanced, so that the syntactic elements can be diversified. At the same time, the change of perspective eliminates the original syntactic restrictions and makes the diversity of syntactic components acceptable. From the perspective of the speaker, the construction expresses the negative judgment of the propositional meaning. Because the incident occurred beyond the subjective expectations of the speaker, the speaker expressed ridicule and satire on unreasonable events. This study has some enlightening effect on language theory construction and language teaching.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H146

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