【摘要】：慣用語是漢語詞匯中比較特殊的一類。在本體研究方面，關(guān)于它的定義、分類以及歸屬問題，，學(xué)界還有很多不同意見。對外漢語的慣用語教學(xué)是一個(gè)比較復(fù)雜的工程，它沒有規(guī)矩可循，而且總是東一處、西一處地隱藏在對話或者文章中，往往不能引起留學(xué)生和一部分對外漢語教師的足夠重視。而慣用語又是各級HSK考試的必考內(nèi)容，也往往是留學(xué)生的失分點(diǎn)，對于對外漢語教師來說，掌握一套簡便、實(shí)用、高效的慣用語教學(xué)方法是當(dāng)務(wù)之急。 本文避其紛爭，以胡裕樹對于慣用語的定義、孫維張等關(guān)于慣用語的特點(diǎn)、分類為基礎(chǔ)，首先對慣用語的性質(zhì)特點(diǎn)、語法結(jié)構(gòu)、分類以及來源做了詳細(xì)的論述。其次由HSK考試對慣用語的考察引出了《漢語水平詞匯與漢字等級大綱》收錄的50個(gè)慣用語，主要選取所收錄的丙級、丁級即中高級32個(gè)慣用語，以前文所述慣用語的理論為指導(dǎo)對這32個(gè)慣用語進(jìn)行了語音、語義、語法方面的結(jié)構(gòu)分析，從語義表達(dá)和語法性質(zhì)方面對它們進(jìn)行了歸類，在此基礎(chǔ)上，對這32個(gè)中高級慣用語的解釋和用法做了較為全面的總結(jié)。最后，以調(diào)查問卷為依托，對留學(xué)生在使用這32個(gè)慣用語上的偏誤類型做了歸納，并由此上升到留學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)整個(gè)慣用語時(shí)容易出現(xiàn)的問題，在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了對對外漢語教學(xué)中慣用語教學(xué)的啟示。
[Abstract]:Idioms are a special type of Chinese vocabulary. In ontology research, there are still many different opinions about its definition, classification and attribution. The teaching of idioms in TCFL is a complicated project, which has no rules to follow, and it is always hidden in dialogue or article in one place of the east and one place in the west, which often fails to attract enough attention from foreign students and some teachers of Chinese as a foreign language. The idiom is the compulsory content of HSK examination at all levels, and it is often the point of losing scores for foreign students. For teachers of Chinese as a foreign language, it is urgent to master a set of simple, practical and efficient teaching methods of idioms. Based on Hu Yushu's definition of idioms, Sun Wei-zhang 's characteristics and classification of idioms, this paper first discusses in detail the nature, grammatical structure, classification and source of idioms. Secondly, the study of idioms in HSK test leads to the 50 idioms included in the outline of Chinese level Vocabulary and Chinese characters, which are mainly selected as Grade C, Grade D, that is, 32 idioms in the middle and senior levels. Based on the theory of idioms mentioned above, this paper analyzes the structure of the 32 idioms in phonological, semantic and grammatical aspects, classifies them from the aspects of semantic expression and grammatical properties. The interpretation and usage of these 32 middle-and-high-level idioms are summarized. Finally, based on the questionnaire, this paper sums up the types of errors in the use of these 32 idioms by foreign students, and thus rises to the problems that arise when students study the whole idiom. On this basis, it puts forward the enlightenment to idiom teaching in teaching Chinese as a foreign language.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H195

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本文編號：2409102