【摘要】：本文首先列舉了針對異形成語問題前人所進行研究的集中點,在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了本文對于異形成語的界定方法,這是本文進行定量和定性分析的前提,并探討了異形成語和同義成語、同源成語以及成語活用的差別,這是進行異形成語研究的基礎(chǔ)。 其次對異形成語進行了定量分析。本文共選取了七部具有代表性的詞典,包括兩部語文詞典和五部成語詞典,并結(jié)合三個已經(jīng)頒布或正在試行的規(guī)范詞表展示了異形成語在現(xiàn)代漢語中的存在狀況。本文搜集到的異形成語均為詞典中收錄的四字格成語。 再次,本文對收集到的異形成語進行了詳細地描寫和分析,問題主要集中于產(chǎn)生原因和類型的分析。根據(jù)異形成語產(chǎn)生的原因,將其分為由異體字造成的、由異形詞造成的、由假借字造成的、由古今字造成的、由通用字造成的和由同音替換或附會理據(jù)造成的,共六個主要的類型,隨后分析了其產(chǎn)生的文化心理方面的原因。 最后,本文在對比收錄異形成語的詞典基礎(chǔ)上,分析其存在的混亂和不足,結(jié)合語言事實和異形成語的使用現(xiàn)狀,對如何進行異形成語規(guī)范以及詞典如何收錄和注釋異形成語進行了說明,并對全文做了簡短的總結(jié)。 總之,深入了解異形成語,對語言規(guī)范、語文教學(xué)、詞典編纂及詞語、成語的本體研究都有不可忽視的作用,希望本文為今后異形成語的研究有所啟發(fā)。
[Abstract]:This paper first lists the concentration points of the previous researches on the special-shaped idioms, and then puts forward the definition method of the special-shaped idioms in this paper, which is the premise of the quantitative and qualitative analysis in this paper. This paper also discusses the differences between special-shaped idioms and synonymous idioms, homologous idioms and idioms, which are the basis of the study of special-shaped idioms. Secondly, quantitative analysis of special-shaped idioms is made. This paper selects seven representative dictionaries, including two Chinese dictionaries and five idiom dictionaries, and shows the existence of special-shaped idioms in modern Chinese in combination with three standard lexicon that has been promulgated or is being tried out. All the heteromorphic idioms collected in this paper are four-character idioms collected in dictionaries. Thirdly, this paper describes and analyzes the special-shaped idioms in detail. The problem is mainly focused on the analysis of the causes and types. According to the reasons for the formation of heteromorphic idioms, they can be divided into three categories: those caused by heteromorphic words, those caused by false loan characters, by ancient and modern characters, by common characters, and by homonym substitution or affixing motivations. There are six main types, and then analyzes the causes of its cultural psychological aspects. Finally, on the basis of contrasting the dictionaries of the special-shaped idioms, this paper analyzes the confusion and deficiency of the dictionaries, and combines the present situation of the use of the linguistic facts and the special-shaped idioms. This paper explains how to standardize the special-shaped idioms and how to include and annotate the special-shaped idioms in the dictionary, and makes a brief summary of the full text. In a word, it can not be ignored to deeply understand the abnormal idioms, which can not be ignored in the study of language norms, Chinese teaching, dictionary compilation and the study of the ontology of words and idioms. I hope this paper can enlighten the future study of special-shaped idioms.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：H13

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