【摘要】：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)作為一種常見的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象，廣泛應(yīng)用于新聞、科技、商務(wù)信函等正式語(yǔ)體中。一直以來(lái)，學(xué)者對(duì)其研究大多集中在語(yǔ)義和句法層面，對(duì)其功能的研究也大多集中在概念和語(yǔ)篇功能層面上，鮮少涉及其人際功能。同時(shí)，系統(tǒng)功能語(yǔ)法認(rèn)為，主動(dòng)句和相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)句所表達(dá)的概念功能和人際功能是一樣的（胡壯麟等，2008:100），只是語(yǔ)篇功能上兩者側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同。然而，筆者認(rèn)為，選擇即意義，被動(dòng)句和其對(duì)應(yīng)的主動(dòng)句所體現(xiàn)的人際意義不同，且被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在英漢兩種語(yǔ)言中的人際意義存在差異。因此，本文從韓禮德的功能語(yǔ)法角度出發(fā)，對(duì)英漢報(bào)紙新聞中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的人際意義進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析，試圖解決兩個(gè)主要問(wèn)題：一.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在英漢報(bào)紙新聞中的分布及出現(xiàn)頻率；二.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在英漢報(bào)紙新聞中人際意義的異同。 本文采用定量和定性的研究方法，選取二十篇報(bào)紙新聞作為語(yǔ)料，中英文各十篇，且每組都對(duì)應(yīng)同一個(gè)事件。新聞均來(lái)自紐約時(shí)報(bào)http://www.nytimes.com，，今日美國(guó)http://www.usatoday.com，人民日?qǐng)?bào)http://paper.people.com.cn和光明日?qǐng)?bào)http://epaper.gmw.cn四大國(guó)內(nèi)外網(wǎng)站2011年至2012年上旬的報(bào)道。通過(guò)對(duì)比發(fā)現(xiàn)：1.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在中英文報(bào)紙新聞中出現(xiàn)頻率不同，英文報(bào)紙中所占比例偏大。但兩者又有共同點(diǎn)，無(wú)施事者的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)比有施事者的多，這與英漢兩種語(yǔ)言的特點(diǎn)有關(guān)；2.語(yǔ)氣系統(tǒng)中，兩者在時(shí)態(tài)的選擇上也存在相似之處，樣本數(shù)據(jù)顯示過(guò)去時(shí)在英漢新聞?wù)Z篇中所占比例最大，其次為現(xiàn)在時(shí)，最小比例的是將來(lái)時(shí)。過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在時(shí)的使用不僅可以讓讀者感覺(jué)到報(bào)道的客觀性，同時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)還能使報(bào)道者推卸責(zé)任，起到一定人際功能；3.情態(tài)系統(tǒng)中，英文的“will”和中文的“會(huì)”出現(xiàn)最頻繁，這兩個(gè)中值情態(tài)動(dòng)詞既反映了新聞?dòng)浾邔?duì)事件的確定性，又避免過(guò)度主觀顯性判斷，從而達(dá)到使報(bào)道更真實(shí)的效果；4.最后作者又從句子之上的層面進(jìn)一步比較了兩者人際意義的異同：在表達(dá)客觀，突出強(qiáng)調(diào)和推卸責(zé)任三方面相同，在體現(xiàn)負(fù)面情緒和表達(dá)客觀上又存在不同。 以上發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用必然體現(xiàn)了使用者特定的意圖或態(tài)度。韓禮德的功能語(yǔ)法理論對(duì)語(yǔ)態(tài)人際意義的分析具有科學(xué)性和實(shí)用性。英漢對(duì)比不僅有助于提高讀者對(duì)兩種語(yǔ)言意識(shí)形態(tài)的辨析，還有助于英漢被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的教學(xué)。
[Abstract]:As a common language phenomenon, passive voice is widely used in news, science and technology, business letters and other formal languages. For a long time, most of the researches have focused on semantic and syntactic aspects, and on their functions at the level of concepts and discourse functions, rarely involving their interpersonal functions. At the same time, the systemic functional grammar holds that the conceptual function and interpersonal function of active sentence and corresponding passive sentence are the same (Hu Zhuanglin et al., 2008: 100), but the emphasis of discourse function is different. However, the author holds that choice is the meaning, passive sentence and its corresponding active sentence reflect different interpersonal meaning, and the passive voice has different interpersonal meaning in both English and Chinese. Therefore, from the perspective of Halliday's functional grammar, this paper makes a contrastive analysis of the interpersonal meaning of passive voice in English and Chinese newspaper news, and tries to solve two main problems: 1. The distribution and frequency of passive voice in English and Chinese newspaper news. The similarities and differences of interpersonal meaning of passive voice in English and Chinese newspaper news. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, this paper selects 20 newspaper news articles as corpus, 10 in both Chinese and English, and each group corresponds to the same event. News from the new York times, http://www.nytimes.com, USA http://www.usatoday.com, today People's Daily http://paper.people.com.cn and Guangming Daily http://epaper.gmw.cn four major domestic and foreign websites from 2011 to 2012 reported. The results are as follows: 1. The frequency of passive voice in Chinese and English newspaper news is different, and the proportion of English newspaper is too large. But they also have something in common. The passive voice of the non-agent is more than that of the agent, which is related to the characteristics of English and Chinese; 2. In the mood system, there are similarities in the choice of tenses. The sample data show that the past tense accounts for the largest proportion in English and Chinese news discourses, followed by the present tense, and the least proportion is the future tense. The past tense and present tense can not only make the reader feel the objectivity of the report, but also make the reporter shirk his responsibility and play a certain interpersonal function. In the modal system, "will" in English and "will" in Chinese appear most frequently. These two median modal verbs not only reflect the certainty of news events, but also avoid excessive subjective dominant judgment, so as to make the report more true. 4. Finally, the author further compares the similarities and differences of interpersonal meaning between them from the perspective of sentence: the three aspects of expressing objectivity, highlighting and shirking responsibility are the same, and there are differences in reflecting negative emotions and expressing objectivity. The above findings indicate that the use of passive voice must reflect the specific intention or attitude of the user. Halliday's functional grammar theory is scientific and practical in the analysis of voice interpersonal meaning. The contrast between English and Chinese is not only helpful to improve the readers' discrimination and analysis of the ideology of the two languages, but also to the teaching of English and Chinese passive voice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H314;H146

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