【摘要】：隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言的飛速發(fā)展及其在社會文化各方面愈來愈大的影響力，，網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言研究也逐步成為社會語言學(xué)研究的重要領(lǐng)域。要認識網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界中這一新的語言形式，選擇怎樣的切入點便成為首要問題。 模糊性是自然語言的本質(zhì)屬性，因而也是語言學(xué)所關(guān)注的研究對象之一。從模糊語言學(xué)的角度研究網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言具有可行性、創(chuàng)新性和必要性。 本文從社會語言學(xué)的視野，從不同層面和角度對網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言模糊性的特征進行了較全面的描述。全文研究主要集中在三個方面，即網(wǎng)絡(luò)模糊語言的生成機制、表現(xiàn)形式和功能意義。 網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言是自然語言的一種社會變體，既受到語言規(guī)則的制約，也受到交際原則和語用習(xí)慣的制約，形成語義和語用兩個層面的模糊。 以前人的研究為基礎(chǔ)，總結(jié)出模糊語言構(gòu)形的模式：首先是構(gòu)建階段---說話者決定要傳達的語前意念或思想；其次是轉(zhuǎn)換階段---將意念或思想轉(zhuǎn)換成語言形式；然后是語前編輯階段---過濾不恰當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容,選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z言形式，比如模糊的詞語、句型結(jié)構(gòu)及恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z音手段等；最后是表達階段---說話者以選擇好的言語形式傳達信息。其中轉(zhuǎn)換階段和語前編輯階段是同步進行的，而語前編輯階段是模糊語言生成的關(guān)鍵節(jié)點，在最后表達階段呈現(xiàn)是精確言語還是模糊言語，是語義模糊還是語用模糊都是由這一階段的活動決定的。 網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言語義模糊的形成機制既有與實體語言的相似性，又有差異性。兩者的差異性突出體現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言的變異性。不僅因為網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言的模糊性主要由語言的變異而形成，而且網(wǎng)絡(luò)模糊語言在詞匯、語法、語義、書寫、語域、語體甚至語篇等各個層面體現(xiàn)出變異性。 語用模糊的形成則是一個復(fù)雜、動態(tài)的交際過程，在這個過程中發(fā)話者和受話者相互作用相互影響，發(fā)話者為了有目的地表達隱含意義，亦或想表達禮貌與合作的態(tài)度以及有意識地表達一種言外之力或潛在意圖依據(jù)順應(yīng)原則選擇模糊語言；受話人則在感知話語意圖后，通過關(guān)聯(lián)假設(shè)和最佳關(guān)聯(lián)原則對話語作相應(yīng)的信息加工程序以達到最佳釋義。在實際交際過程中，發(fā)話者和受話者角色在不斷轉(zhuǎn)換，因此，交際雙方都會受到關(guān)聯(lián)原則和順應(yīng)性原則的制約。 語用模糊的動態(tài)形成機制決定了語用模糊的類型是一個三維、立體的復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)：從語用模糊形成階段看，語用模糊標記為：模糊限制詞、語言的比喻性用法尤其是隱喻等等；從語用模糊的運用階段看，語用模糊標記為對合作原則、禮貌原則等語用原則的遵循、偏離或違背；從語用模糊的生效階段來看，語用模糊標記為消極語用模糊和積極語用模糊。 從網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言模糊性的表現(xiàn)形式和功能來說，模糊詞語是語義模糊的重要標記，分為連續(xù)統(tǒng)模糊詞、范疇類模糊詞、評價類模糊詞和數(shù)量詞模糊詞。而量的模糊是最典型的語義模糊現(xiàn)象。語言的模糊量大略分為數(shù)量的模糊和程度量的模糊。數(shù)量的模糊包括數(shù)值形式模糊量、復(fù)數(shù)模糊量和非數(shù)值形式模糊量；而程度量的模糊包括程度副詞的模糊表量和形容詞的模糊表量。根據(jù)統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)，網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言中模糊量的使用頻率高于實體語言，因而表現(xiàn)出更加明顯的模糊性。 網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言語用模糊也有其獨特表現(xiàn)。由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)交際特殊的語境因素，使得各類社會制約因素在網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言語用模糊的形成過程中產(chǎn)生不同的影響。語言經(jīng)濟性是影響網(wǎng)絡(luò)交際的首要原則，并從語言形成階段造成了網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言的語用模糊；網(wǎng)民的心理因素、群體行為特征、性別差異、思維定勢等特點從語言運用階段造成了網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言的語用模糊；而網(wǎng)絡(luò)交際生效階段形成的語用模糊根據(jù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)交際者的交際意圖和語后效能分為積極語用模糊和消極語用模糊。因而，網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言語用模糊表現(xiàn)出娛樂性、含蓄性、幽默性等特殊語用功能。 無論是網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言的語義模糊還是語用模糊現(xiàn)象都與網(wǎng)絡(luò)語境有著密切關(guān)系：網(wǎng)絡(luò)模糊語依賴于語境實現(xiàn)從形式到意義的轉(zhuǎn)換，一方面，網(wǎng)絡(luò)語境成為網(wǎng)絡(luò)模糊語的構(gòu)成潛勢，另一方面，網(wǎng)絡(luò)模糊語言依賴于語境才能得到理解。 對網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言模糊意義的理解，不僅依賴于語境，還要借助語言學(xué)和語用學(xué)規(guī)則的推導(dǎo)，修辭三段論就是推導(dǎo)模糊寓義的一個重要模式。在具體語境中表面無關(guān)聯(lián)的話語往往蘊涵著載有寓義的修辭三段論，這是言語交際中語用模糊語句不會引起交際失誤并且能夠順利達成交際目的的原因。 總之，該研究運用定性和定量的研究方法，從社會語言學(xué)視角對網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言的模糊性進行探索，希望能借此引起更多研究者對該領(lǐng)域的關(guān)注，促進對這一問題更加深入的思考。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of network language and its influence on various aspects of social culture, the research of network language gradually becomes an important field of social linguistics research. In order to understand this new form of language in the network world, how to choose the entry point becomes the primary problem. The fuzziness is the essential attribute of natural language, so it is also the research object of linguistics. One. It is feasible, innovative and necessary to study the network language from the perspective of fuzzy linguistics. In this paper, from the perspective of sociolinguistics, the characteristics of the fuzziness of the network language are compared from different levels and angles. The research of the whole text mainly focuses on three aspects, namely, the generation mechanism and expression of the network fuzzy language. The network language is a kind of social variant of natural language, which is restricted by linguistic rules, and is restricted by communicative principles and pragmatic habits. Two levels of ambiguity. Based on previous studies, the pattern of fuzzy language configuration is summed up: the first is the construction phase--the speaker determines the pre-language idea or thought to be conveyed; secondly, the conversion stage--converts the idea or idea into a language form; then the pre-language editing stage.--filtering out inappropriate content, selecting appropriate language forms, such as vague terms, sentence structures, and appropriate speech means, etc.; and finally, an expression stage--speaker to select The pre-speech editing phase is the key node of the fuzzy language generation, and the pre-speech editing phase is the key node of the fuzzy language generation. It is decided by the activity of this stage. The formation mechanism of the semantic ambiguity of the network language is not only the same as that of The similarity between the language of the entity and the difference. It is not only because the fuzziness of the network language is mainly formed by the variation of language, but also the fuzzy language of the network is in terms of vocabulary, grammar, semantics, writing, language domain and writing style. The formation of pragmatic ambiguity is a complex and dynamic communication process, and the speaker and the speaker interact with each other in this process. In response, the speaker expresses the implied meaning for the destination, or expresses the attitude of politeness and cooperation, and consciously expresses the force or potential intention outside a speech according to the principle of compliance A fuzzy language; a recipient, after perception of the intention of a discourse, communicates discourse with the hypothesis of association and the principle of best association. In the process of actual communication, the characters of the speaker and the callee are changing constantly, therefore, the two sides communicate with each other The dynamic forming mechanism of pragmatic fuzzy decides that the type of pragmatic fuzzy is a three-dimensional and three-dimensional complex system: from the stage of pragmatic fuzzy formation, the pragmatic fuzzy mark is: the fuzzy logic words, the figurative use of the language. The method is especially metaphor and so on; from the pragmatic fuzzy application stage, the pragmatic fuzzy mark is the follow, deviation or breach of pragmatic principles such as cooperation principle, politeness principle and so on; from the effective stage of pragmatic ambiguity, Pragmatic ambiguity is a passive pragmatic ambiguity and a positive pragmatic ambiguity. In terms of the representation and function of fuzziness in the network language, the fuzzy word is an important mark of semantic ambiguity, which is divided into continuous model. paste words, category fuzzy words, evaluation fuzzy words and The fuzzy word of quantifier. The fuzzy of quantity is the most typical semantic ambiguity phenomenon. The fuzzy quantity of language is roughly divided into the number of fuzzy and the degree of fuzzy. The number of fuzzy includes numerical form fuzzy quantity, complex fuzzy quantity and non-numerical form fuzzy quantity; and degree quantity The blur includes the amount of fuzzy table of degree adverb and the amount of fuzzy table of adjective. According to statistics, the fuzzy quantity in network language the frequency is higher than the entity language and thus exhibits a higher frequency than the physical language, The network language pragmatic fuzzy also has its unique performance. Because of the special context factor of the network communication, it makes all kinds of society The restrictive factors exert different influences in the process of the formation of the pragmatic fuzzy of the network language. The language economy is the primary principle that affects the communication of the network, and the pragmatic ambiguity of the network language is caused from the stage of language formation; the psychological factors, the group behavior character and the gender difference of the Internet users, The characteristics of thinking fixed potential have caused the pragmatic ambiguity of the network language from the language application stage, and the pragmatic ambiguity formed during the effective phase of the network communication is based on the network communication. The communicative intention and post-language efficacy of the person are divided into positive pragmatic ambiguity and negative pragmatic ambiguity. Language ambiguity shows the special pragmatic functions such as entertainment, implication, humor, etc. Both the semantic bleness of the network language and the pragmatic fuzzy phenomenon are closely related to the network context: the fuzzy language of the network depends on the context to realize the form-to-meaning. Transition, on the one hand, the network context becomes the network fuzzy On the other hand, the fuzzy language of the network depends on the context, which is not only dependent on context, but also by means of language. In the derivation of the rules of pragmatics and pragmatics, the rhetorical syllogism is an important mode for the derivation of the ambiguity. In summary, the study uses qualitative and quantitative research methods to explore the fuzziness of network language from the perspective of social linguistics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H0-05

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