漢語(yǔ)中翻轉(zhuǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)的句法生成
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-19 13:33
【摘要】：本研究重點(diǎn)關(guān)注漢語(yǔ)中的翻轉(zhuǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)，即“五個(gè)人吃了一鍋飯”（本文稱(chēng)為“翻轉(zhuǎn)A式”）與“一鍋飯吃了五個(gè)人”（本文稱(chēng)為“翻轉(zhuǎn)B式”）之類(lèi)的成對(duì)句式。 翻轉(zhuǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)因其各種令人迷惑的特征引起漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法界的廣泛興趣。原有的一些研究認(rèn)為翻轉(zhuǎn)A、B兩句式之間存在派生關(guān)系。在兩者中，，動(dòng)詞之前的名詞性成分為論元作主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞之后的名詞成分為論元作賓語(yǔ)。依據(jù)該分析，對(duì)應(yīng)的翻轉(zhuǎn)A、B式屬于論元成分語(yǔ)序倒轉(zhuǎn)的句子。因此，如果將對(duì)應(yīng)翻轉(zhuǎn)B式句中的主語(yǔ)論元與賓語(yǔ)論元交換句法位置可以派生出翻轉(zhuǎn)A式句；相反，如果將對(duì)應(yīng)翻轉(zhuǎn)A式句中的主語(yǔ)論元與賓語(yǔ)論元交換句法位置則可以派生出翻轉(zhuǎn)B式句。如果類(lèi)似分析成立，翻轉(zhuǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)則對(duì)包括題元理論、格理論、約束理論在內(nèi)的諸多普遍語(yǔ)法原則和理論構(gòu)成嚴(yán)重挑戰(zhàn)。 本論文的首要目的是證明漢語(yǔ)翻轉(zhuǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)并非已有普遍語(yǔ)法原則與理論的真正反例。在放棄固有的模式的“一個(gè)動(dòng)詞”分析法后，我們提出“兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞”分析法，將翻轉(zhuǎn)A式結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視為常規(guī)及物動(dòng)詞，而將翻轉(zhuǎn)B式結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分析為不及物性系動(dòng)詞，類(lèi)似于英語(yǔ)中的measure、cost及weigh,本質(zhì)上具有非賓格性質(zhì)。據(jù)此假設(shè)，翻轉(zhuǎn)A、B對(duì)應(yīng)句式之間的所有重要的語(yǔ)義與句法差異均可得到合理解釋。作為典型的及物動(dòng)詞，翻轉(zhuǎn)A式的動(dòng)詞帶有施事外論元與客體（受事/處所）內(nèi)論元；用以表示行為動(dòng)作，接受施事傾向性修飾語(yǔ)，允許被動(dòng)化。相形之下，由于翻轉(zhuǎn)B式的動(dòng)詞的系動(dòng)詞與非賓格屬性，以動(dòng)詞之前的客體（受事/處所）名詞成分為內(nèi)論元，而以動(dòng)詞之后的名詞成分為謂詞性補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)；用以表示狀態(tài)，不接受施事傾向性修飾語(yǔ)，也不可被動(dòng)化。 有關(guān)翻轉(zhuǎn)A、B對(duì)應(yīng)句式之間存在派生關(guān)系的傳統(tǒng)假設(shè)無(wú)論從理論方面，還是經(jīng)驗(yàn)方面考慮都應(yīng)該摒棄。關(guān)鍵之處在于其所設(shè)想的主語(yǔ)論元移入動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)位置以及賓語(yǔ)論元移入動(dòng)詞前的主語(yǔ)位置的句法操作均缺乏動(dòng)因而無(wú)法操作。 本文在一個(gè)基于Chomsky句法語(yǔ)段理論的解釋新方案中為翻轉(zhuǎn)A、B句式的句法生成提出了不同的生成模式。具體來(lái)說(shuō)，在翻轉(zhuǎn)A式中，及物動(dòng)詞與其名詞論元補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)合并成VP。該VP結(jié)構(gòu)然后作為補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)與一個(gè)強(qiáng)力的抽象及物性輕動(dòng)詞v合并，并且將動(dòng)詞吸引上來(lái)附加，再與施事論元合并構(gòu)成vP。接下來(lái)，vP與時(shí)態(tài)中心語(yǔ)T合并，施事論元與T（隱性地）形成一致并提升移位到主語(yǔ)Spec-TP位置。在翻轉(zhuǎn)B式中，不及物性系動(dòng)詞首先與謂詞性名詞補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)合并，然后與內(nèi)論元標(biāo)志語(yǔ)合并構(gòu)成VP。該VP與一個(gè)無(wú)外論元的不及物性輕動(dòng)詞v合并，強(qiáng)力詞綴性輕動(dòng)詞v吸引動(dòng)詞的附加，形成vP。與T合并后，T充當(dāng)探頭，VP內(nèi)的名詞論元因其未賦值格特征而具有活性從而被確定為目標(biāo)。T與論元（隱性地）形成一致，賦予其（隱性的）主格，并吸引其移位到主語(yǔ)Spec-TP位置。根據(jù)這一分析，翻轉(zhuǎn)B式句中動(dòng)詞之后的名詞成分作為動(dòng)詞的謂詞性補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，免受名詞論元所受到的格要求。
[Abstract]:This study focuses on the inversion structure in Chinese, that is, "five people eat a pot of rice" (hereinafter referred to as "inverted A") and "five people eat a pot of rice" (hereinafter referred to as "inverted B") and so on.
Some previous studies have suggested that there is a derivative relationship between inversion A and inversion B. In both cases, the nominal element before the verb is the subject and the noun element after the verb is the object. Therefore, if the subject argument and the object argument exchange syntactic position in the corresponding inverted B-sentence can be derived from the inverted A-sentence; on the contrary, if the subject argument and the object argument exchange syntactic position in the corresponding inverted A-sentence can be derived from the inverted B-sentence. The reversal structure poses a serious challenge to many universal grammatical principles and theories, including thematic theory, case theory and constraint theory.
The primary purpose of this paper is to prove that the Chinese reversal structure is not a real counterexample of the existing universal grammar principles and theories. After abandoning the "one verb" analysis method of the inherent pattern, we propose the "two verbs" analysis method, which regards the predicate verbs in the reversal A structure as the conventional transitive verbs and the predicate in the reversal B structure as the normal transitive verbs. Verb analysis is an intransitive verb, similar to measure, cost and weight in English, which is essentially unaccusative. It is assumed that all the important semantic and syntactic differences between the corresponding sentences of inversion A and B can be reasonably explained. In contrast, the object (subject/place) noun element before the verb is used as the internal argument, and the noun element after the verb is used as the predicate complement because of the reversal of the binomial and unaccusative attributes of the verb of type B. State, not accepting agent oriented modifiers, nor passive.
The traditional hypothesis that there is a derivative relationship between the inverted A and the corresponding B sentence pattern should be abandoned both theoretically and experimentally. The key point is that the syntactic operation of the object position after the subject argument moves into the verb and the subject position before the object argument moves into the verb is inactive and therefore can not be operated.
In a new scheme of interpretation based on Chomsky's syntactic segmental theory, this paper proposes different patterns for the syntactic generation of inverted A and B sentences. Specifically, in inverted A, the transitive verb and its nominal argument complement are combined into VP. The VP structure is then combined as a complement with a strong Abstract transitive light verb v, and Then, the agent argument and T (implicitly) form the same and move to the subject Spec-TP position. In the inverted B form, the intransitive verb first merges with the predicate noun complement, and then merges with the inner argument marker to form VP. The VP merges with an intransitive light verb V without an external argument, and the strong affix light verb V attracts the addition of the verb, forming a probe into the combination of vP. and T. The nominal argument in the VP is identified as the target because of its unassigned case characteristics. T is consistent with the argument (implicitly), endows it with (implicitly) the nominative and attracts it. According to this analysis, the noun element after the verb in the B-sentence is inverted as the predicative complement of the verb, which avoids the case requirement of the noun argument.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東外語(yǔ)外貿(mào)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H146
本文編號(hào)：2250272
[Abstract]:This study focuses on the inversion structure in Chinese, that is, "five people eat a pot of rice" (hereinafter referred to as "inverted A") and "five people eat a pot of rice" (hereinafter referred to as "inverted B") and so on.
Some previous studies have suggested that there is a derivative relationship between inversion A and inversion B. In both cases, the nominal element before the verb is the subject and the noun element after the verb is the object. Therefore, if the subject argument and the object argument exchange syntactic position in the corresponding inverted B-sentence can be derived from the inverted A-sentence; on the contrary, if the subject argument and the object argument exchange syntactic position in the corresponding inverted A-sentence can be derived from the inverted B-sentence. The reversal structure poses a serious challenge to many universal grammatical principles and theories, including thematic theory, case theory and constraint theory.
The primary purpose of this paper is to prove that the Chinese reversal structure is not a real counterexample of the existing universal grammar principles and theories. After abandoning the "one verb" analysis method of the inherent pattern, we propose the "two verbs" analysis method, which regards the predicate verbs in the reversal A structure as the conventional transitive verbs and the predicate in the reversal B structure as the normal transitive verbs. Verb analysis is an intransitive verb, similar to measure, cost and weight in English, which is essentially unaccusative. It is assumed that all the important semantic and syntactic differences between the corresponding sentences of inversion A and B can be reasonably explained. In contrast, the object (subject/place) noun element before the verb is used as the internal argument, and the noun element after the verb is used as the predicate complement because of the reversal of the binomial and unaccusative attributes of the verb of type B. State, not accepting agent oriented modifiers, nor passive.
The traditional hypothesis that there is a derivative relationship between the inverted A and the corresponding B sentence pattern should be abandoned both theoretically and experimentally. The key point is that the syntactic operation of the object position after the subject argument moves into the verb and the subject position before the object argument moves into the verb is inactive and therefore can not be operated.
In a new scheme of interpretation based on Chomsky's syntactic segmental theory, this paper proposes different patterns for the syntactic generation of inverted A and B sentences. Specifically, in inverted A, the transitive verb and its nominal argument complement are combined into VP. The VP structure is then combined as a complement with a strong Abstract transitive light verb v, and Then, the agent argument and T (implicitly) form the same and move to the subject Spec-TP position. In the inverted B form, the intransitive verb first merges with the predicate noun complement, and then merges with the inner argument marker to form VP. The VP merges with an intransitive light verb V without an external argument, and the strong affix light verb V attracts the addition of the verb, forming a probe into the combination of vP. and T. The nominal argument in the VP is identified as the target because of its unassigned case characteristics. T is consistent with the argument (implicitly), endows it with (implicitly) the nominative and attracts it. According to this analysis, the noun element after the verb in the B-sentence is inverted as the predicative complement of the verb, which avoids the case requirement of the noun argument.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東外語(yǔ)外貿(mào)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H146
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前4條
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本文編號(hào)：2250272
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