現(xiàn)代漢語倍數(shù)負(fù)向表達(dá)問題研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-04 13:41
【摘要】：漢語學(xué)界對于“漢語里倍數(shù)能否往小里說”的爭論由來已久,我們認(rèn)為這一問題本質(zhì)上是對“漢語中倍數(shù)能否與表‘減少’義的謂詞搭配”的討論。我們把表示倍數(shù)往小里說的語法格式稱為倍數(shù)的負(fù)向表達(dá),也即‘減少’義謂詞與“倍”的搭配,本文研究的主要問題是現(xiàn)代漢語倍數(shù)的負(fù)向表達(dá)問題。 論文的第一章概述了前人有關(guān)現(xiàn)代漢語倍數(shù)負(fù)向表達(dá)問題的研究成果。我們首先為倍數(shù)的負(fù)向表達(dá)明確了定義,進(jìn)而分別從“反駁派”和“支持派”兩個陣營出發(fā),較為系統(tǒng)地梳理了近三十年來漢語學(xué)界對“‘減少N倍’能否成立”這一問題的研究成果,歸納出了前人研究成果的六個特點,并總結(jié)了該問題的研究現(xiàn)狀,提出了本文所要解決的主要問題。 論文的第二章對現(xiàn)代漢語倍數(shù)負(fù)向表達(dá)格式的結(jié)構(gòu)特點與類型進(jìn)行了歸納。在結(jié)構(gòu)類型的分類上,我們指出現(xiàn)代漢語倍數(shù)的負(fù)向表達(dá)具有“Vf+(了)+N+倍”常式和“(相)差N倍”、“數(shù)倍少／小于”、“(比……)+V,+(了)+N+倍”、“成倍地減少”四種變式,這是本篇論文的創(chuàng)新點之一。在對每種格式中的要素進(jìn)行分析的過程中,我們重點考察了“減少”義謂詞“Vf”進(jìn)入“Vf+(了)+N+倍”常式的情況和對其他要素的搭配要求,并在前人研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上對“減少”義謂詞的成員進(jìn)行了補充,提出動詞“縮小、減小、減弱、節(jié)省”和形容詞“弱、舊”也應(yīng)該納入“減少”義謂詞的行列中,同時我們也對常式和變式中的其他要素作了分析；在語義類型的分類上,我們指出現(xiàn)代漢語倍數(shù)的負(fù)向表達(dá)分為精確語義類型和模糊語義類型兩種,并重點分析了模糊語義類型的特征。在本章中,我們還提出了運用除法法則計算倍數(shù)負(fù)向表達(dá)精確數(shù)值的方法。 論文的第三章對現(xiàn)代漢語倍數(shù)負(fù)向表達(dá)的合理性進(jìn)行了論證。本部分是文章的又一個創(chuàng)新之處,我們從五個角度進(jìn)行了論證工作。首先,我們通過考察“倍”的詞匯意義的發(fā)展,說明倍數(shù)負(fù)向表達(dá)具備產(chǎn)生的基礎(chǔ),并推演了倍數(shù)負(fù)向表達(dá)從一種格式到多種格式的發(fā)展過程,以證明倍數(shù)負(fù)向表達(dá)乃是漢語所固有的形式,本部分在語料整理方面也發(fā)現(xiàn)了前人未涉及的新例句；其次,通過對比漢語與英語、俄語、法語、日語、韓語等五種外語在倍數(shù)表達(dá)上的相似性,尋找人類語言在倍數(shù)表達(dá)方式上的共同特點,從類型學(xué)角度解讀現(xiàn)代漢語倍數(shù)負(fù)向表達(dá)的價值,并提出了在語言翻譯中保留倍數(shù)負(fù)向表達(dá)翻譯的有利之處；第三,論證現(xiàn)代漢語倍數(shù)負(fù)向表達(dá)的較高的語用價值,先以“三個平面”語法觀中的“語用選擇”原則證實倍數(shù)負(fù)向表達(dá)的合用性,接下來從語言翻譯和小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)兩個角度論證現(xiàn)代漢語倍數(shù)負(fù)向表達(dá)的積極意義,并探討了如何在小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)中處理好倍數(shù)負(fù)向表達(dá)的教授問題；第四,我們將漢語中表減量的用法作為研究對象,隨機(jī)確定了一個考察樣本,用數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計的方式觀察倍數(shù)的負(fù)向表達(dá)在漢語中的分布和地位,統(tǒng)計的內(nèi)容涉及到文體類型、語義類型、著者背景等多方面?zhèn)�性特征；第五,我們從數(shù)理邏輯角度引入了兩個對倍數(shù)負(fù)向表達(dá)進(jìn)行邏輯理解的新概念：數(shù)學(xué)中的“矢量”概念與“維度”概念,以期對解決倍數(shù)負(fù)向表達(dá)的邏輯理解障礙有所幫助。在本章對語料的整理和歸納中,我們不斷印證除法法則對于計算倍數(shù)負(fù)向表達(dá)的普適性與高效性。 論文的第四章是結(jié)語部分,提出了我們對于現(xiàn)代漢語倍數(shù)負(fù)向表達(dá)問題的觀點,并對研究成果與心得進(jìn)行了簡單總結(jié)。 本文所甄選的語料盡量在歷時層面上體現(xiàn)漢語不同時期的發(fā)展面貌,在共時平面上囊括多個學(xué)科領(lǐng)域的知識。語言是一個發(fā)展變化的連續(xù)統(tǒng),理論研究應(yīng)該尊重語言使用的歷史和現(xiàn)狀,立足于語言實踐加以更新和完善,本文所作的研究正是在這一認(rèn)識前提下完成的。
[Abstract]:There is a long debate in the Chinese language community about whether the number of Chinese in small numbers can be said to the small. We think this is essentially a discussion of "whether the number of Chinese in the Chinese can be reduced to the predicate of the table". The main problem of this study is the negative expression of the multiple of modern Chinese.
The first chapter of the thesis gives an overview of the previous research achievements on multiple negative expression in modern Chinese. First, we define the negative expression of multiple times, and then proceed from the two camps of "refutation" and "support", and systematically comb the Chinese academia for the last thirty years to "reduce N times" or not "." The research results of this problem summed up the six characteristics of the previous research results, and summed up the research status of the problem, and put forward the main problems to be solved in this paper.
The second chapter of the thesis sums up the structural features and types of multiple negative expression formats in modern Chinese. On the classification of structural types, we point out that the negative expression of multiple in modern Chinese has "Vf+ (the) +N+ times" and "(phase) difference N times", "several times less / smaller than", "(ratio.) +V, + (the) +N+ times", "doubly reduced" In the process of analyzing the elements in each form, we focus on the case of "reducing" the "Vf" "Vf" into the "Vf+ (") +N+ times "and the requirements for the collocation of other elements, and on the basis of the previous research results, the members of" reduce "the meaning of the predicate. It is added that the verb "diminish, reduce, weaken, save" and the adjective "weak, old" should also be included in the ranks of "reduced" meaning predicates, and we also analyze the other elements in the normal and variant forms. In the classification of semantic types, we point out that the negative expression of multiple of the multiple of modern Chinese is divided into exact semantic types. Two kinds of fuzzy semantic types and the characteristics of fuzzy semantic types are analyzed. In this chapter, we also propose a method to calculate the exact value of multiple negative expression by the division of division rules.
The third chapter of the thesis demonstrates the rationality of the multiple negative expression in modern Chinese. This part is another innovation of the article. We have carried out a demonstration from five angles. First, by examining the development of the lexical meaning of "times", we show the basis for the negative expression of multiple times and deduce a multiple negative table. The development process from a form to a variety of formats proves that the negative expression is an inherent form of the Chinese language. In this part, new examples are found not involved in the corpus arrangement. Secondly, by comparing the similarities between the Chinese and English, Russian, French, Japanese, Korean and other five foreign languages in multiple expressions, to find a human being. The common characteristics of language in multiple expression means the value of multiple negative expression in modern Chinese from the point of typology, and the advantages of preserving multiple negative expressions in language translation are proposed. Third, the higher pragmatic value of multiple negative expression in modern Chinese is demonstrated in the "three plane" grammatical view. The principle of pragmatic choice confirms the combination of multiple negative expression. Next, we demonstrate the positive meaning of multiple negative expression in modern Chinese from two angles of language translation and primary school mathematics teaching, and discuss how to deal with multiple negative expressions in primary school mathematics teaching. Fourth, we will reduce the usage of the Chinese table. As a study object, a random sample is randomly selected to observe the distribution and status of negative expression in Chinese by data statistics. The contents of statistics involve the types of style, semantic type, the author's background and so on. Fifth, we introduce two negative expressions of multiple numbers from the logical point of view. The new concept of line logic understanding: the concept of "vector" in mathematics and the concept of "dimension" in order to help to solve the logic understanding obstacle of multiple negative expression. In this chapter, we continue to confirm the universality and efficiency of the division rule for the negative expression of calculation multiple.
Chapter 4 is the conclusion of the thesis. We put forward our viewpoints on the negative expression of multiple in modern Chinese, and summarized the research results and achievements.
The corpus selected in this paper reflects the development of different periods of Chinese in the diachronic level and covers the knowledge of many disciplines in the synchronic plane. Language is a continuous development and a continuous system. Theoretical research should respect the history and present situation of language use and update and improve it based on the practice of language. It was done on the premise of this understanding.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146.3
本文編號：2164060
[Abstract]:There is a long debate in the Chinese language community about whether the number of Chinese in small numbers can be said to the small. We think this is essentially a discussion of "whether the number of Chinese in the Chinese can be reduced to the predicate of the table". The main problem of this study is the negative expression of the multiple of modern Chinese.
The first chapter of the thesis gives an overview of the previous research achievements on multiple negative expression in modern Chinese. First, we define the negative expression of multiple times, and then proceed from the two camps of "refutation" and "support", and systematically comb the Chinese academia for the last thirty years to "reduce N times" or not "." The research results of this problem summed up the six characteristics of the previous research results, and summed up the research status of the problem, and put forward the main problems to be solved in this paper.
The second chapter of the thesis sums up the structural features and types of multiple negative expression formats in modern Chinese. On the classification of structural types, we point out that the negative expression of multiple in modern Chinese has "Vf+ (the) +N+ times" and "(phase) difference N times", "several times less / smaller than", "(ratio.) +V, + (the) +N+ times", "doubly reduced" In the process of analyzing the elements in each form, we focus on the case of "reducing" the "Vf" "Vf" into the "Vf+ (") +N+ times "and the requirements for the collocation of other elements, and on the basis of the previous research results, the members of" reduce "the meaning of the predicate. It is added that the verb "diminish, reduce, weaken, save" and the adjective "weak, old" should also be included in the ranks of "reduced" meaning predicates, and we also analyze the other elements in the normal and variant forms. In the classification of semantic types, we point out that the negative expression of multiple of the multiple of modern Chinese is divided into exact semantic types. Two kinds of fuzzy semantic types and the characteristics of fuzzy semantic types are analyzed. In this chapter, we also propose a method to calculate the exact value of multiple negative expression by the division of division rules.
The third chapter of the thesis demonstrates the rationality of the multiple negative expression in modern Chinese. This part is another innovation of the article. We have carried out a demonstration from five angles. First, by examining the development of the lexical meaning of "times", we show the basis for the negative expression of multiple times and deduce a multiple negative table. The development process from a form to a variety of formats proves that the negative expression is an inherent form of the Chinese language. In this part, new examples are found not involved in the corpus arrangement. Secondly, by comparing the similarities between the Chinese and English, Russian, French, Japanese, Korean and other five foreign languages in multiple expressions, to find a human being. The common characteristics of language in multiple expression means the value of multiple negative expression in modern Chinese from the point of typology, and the advantages of preserving multiple negative expressions in language translation are proposed. Third, the higher pragmatic value of multiple negative expression in modern Chinese is demonstrated in the "three plane" grammatical view. The principle of pragmatic choice confirms the combination of multiple negative expression. Next, we demonstrate the positive meaning of multiple negative expression in modern Chinese from two angles of language translation and primary school mathematics teaching, and discuss how to deal with multiple negative expressions in primary school mathematics teaching. Fourth, we will reduce the usage of the Chinese table. As a study object, a random sample is randomly selected to observe the distribution and status of negative expression in Chinese by data statistics. The contents of statistics involve the types of style, semantic type, the author's background and so on. Fifth, we introduce two negative expressions of multiple numbers from the logical point of view. The new concept of line logic understanding: the concept of "vector" in mathematics and the concept of "dimension" in order to help to solve the logic understanding obstacle of multiple negative expression. In this chapter, we continue to confirm the universality and efficiency of the division rule for the negative expression of calculation multiple.
Chapter 4 is the conclusion of the thesis. We put forward our viewpoints on the negative expression of multiple in modern Chinese, and summarized the research results and achievements.
The corpus selected in this paper reflects the development of different periods of Chinese in the diachronic level and covers the knowledge of many disciplines in the synchronic plane. Language is a continuous development and a continuous system. Theoretical research should respect the history and present situation of language use and update and improve it based on the practice of language. It was done on the premise of this understanding.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146.3
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