本文選題：中美《望廈條約》 + 美國　； 參考：《北京大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：1784年，，美國第一艘來華商船“中國皇后號(hào)”抵達(dá)廣州，揭開了中美兩國民間交往的序幕。直至1828年，才出現(xiàn)第一位學(xué)會(huì)漢語的美國人——威廉·C·亨特。此后，越來越多的美國人來到中國，為在華傳教或經(jīng)商學(xué)習(xí)中文。而晚清政府嚴(yán)厲禁止外國人的語言學(xué)習(xí)，為其設(shè)置了諸多障礙。這一障礙的突破，始于1844年中美《望廈條約》，在近代中國和列強(qiáng)簽訂的一系列不平等條約中，它首次加入語言學(xué)習(xí)條款，要求允許美國人雇請中國教師，購買中國書籍。 以《望廈條約》的簽訂為歷史節(jié)點(diǎn)，本文在前人相關(guān)研究的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)條約簽訂前后美國人的漢語學(xué)習(xí)情況進(jìn)行了考察。首先，文章分析了條約簽訂前的中美語言交流情況，闡釋了中美雙方在中文學(xué)習(xí)上的態(tài)度，并考察了亨特、裨治文、伯駕、衛(wèi)三畏等人的漢語學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷及相關(guān)成就。其次，本文對(duì)中美《望廈條約》中有關(guān)語言學(xué)習(xí)的條款進(jìn)行了分析，指出這不僅是美國人漢語學(xué)習(xí)的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)，還帶動(dòng)了其他列強(qiáng)在各自與清政府的不平等條約中加入類似條款。第三，本文考察了《望廈條約》簽訂后，在華學(xué)習(xí)漢語的丁韙良、狄考文、卜舫濟(jì)等人的漢語學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷及相關(guān)成就。第四，文章總結(jié)了晚清來華美國人對(duì)中國語言的認(rèn)識(shí)，并對(duì)他們的中文教師和漢語教材進(jìn)行了梳理。 通過對(duì)中美《望廈條約》簽訂前后美國人漢語學(xué)習(xí)情況的歷史考察，本文認(rèn)為晚清美國人的漢語學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)今天依然有借鑒意義，一些具體的學(xué)習(xí)方法和教學(xué)理念仍可運(yùn)用到今天的對(duì)外漢語教學(xué)實(shí)踐中。此外，美國人早期的漢語學(xué)習(xí)推動(dòng)了美國本土的漢語教學(xué)和漢學(xué)研究，一批著名大學(xué)正是在這批美國早期漢語學(xué)習(xí)者的支持下，相繼開設(shè)了漢語或漢學(xué)講座。晚清美國人的漢語學(xué)習(xí)推動(dòng)了中美之間的交流，但由于語言學(xué)習(xí)者角色的轉(zhuǎn)變，他們借助自身語言優(yōu)勢為美國謀利益的同時(shí)，損害了中國的利益。
[Abstract]:In 1784, the first American merchant ship, the Queen of China, arrived in Guangzhou, opening up the folk exchanges between China and the United States. It was not until 1828 that the first American to learn Chinese, William C. Hunt, appeared. Since then, more and more Americans have come to China to teach or do business in China. The late Qing government severely prohibited foreigners' language learning, setting up many obstacles for them. The breakthrough of this obstacle began in 1844 with the Treaty of Wang Xia between China and the United States. In a series of unequal treaties signed between modern China and the great powers, it added language learning clauses for the first time, asking Americans to hire Chinese teachers and buy Chinese books. Taking the signing of Wangxia Treaty as a historical node, this paper investigates the Chinese learning of Americans before and after the signing of the Treaty on the basis of previous studies. First of all, the paper analyzes the Sino-American language exchange before the signing of the treaty, explains the attitudes of the two countries in the study of Chinese, and examines the Chinese learning experience and related achievements of Hunter, Paizwen, Bojia, Wei Sanshou and others. Secondly, this paper analyzes the provisions on language learning in the Treaty of Wangxia between China and the United States, and points out that this is not only a turning point for Americans to learn Chinese, but also drives other powers to add similar clauses in their unequal treaties with the Qing government. Thirdly, this paper examines the experiences and achievements of Ding Weiliang, Dickaowen and Bo Fangji who studied Chinese in China after the signing of the Treaty of Wang Xia. Fourth, the article summarizes the understanding of the Chinese language and their Chinese teachers and Chinese teaching materials in the late Qing Dynasty. Through the historical investigation of the Chinese learning situation of Americans before and after the signing of the Treaty of Wang Xia between China and the United States, this paper holds that the Chinese learning of the Americans in the late Qing Dynasty is still of significance for reference today. Some specific learning methods and teaching ideas can still be applied to the practice of teaching Chinese as a foreign language today. In addition, the early Chinese learning in the United States promoted Chinese teaching and Sinology research in the United States, and a group of famous universities offered lectures on Chinese or Sinology one after another with the support of the early Chinese learners in the United States. The Chinese learning of the Americans in the late Qing Dynasty promoted the communication between China and the United States, but because of the change of the role of language learners, they made use of their own language advantages to seek the interests of the United States, and at the same time to harm the interests of China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H195

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