本文選題：“被”字句 + 語義“把”字句��； 參考：《北京大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：關(guān)于“被”字句的句式語義,傳統(tǒng)的說法是表示被動關(guān)系,如今越來越多的人認(rèn)為是表示致使。但我們發(fā)現(xiàn),這兩種說法都不能概括住所有的“被”字句,“被”字句的句式語義并不是單一的。那么是什么原因?qū)е铝恕氨弧弊志渚涫秸Z義的多樣性呢?“被”字句的句式語義究竟有哪些類型呢?這幾種類型的句式語義之間又存在什么樣的擴(kuò)展演變關(guān)系呢?本文通過共時和歷時語料的搜集和分析,嘗試解答這三個問題。 我們認(rèn)為,“被”字句句式語義的多樣性與其為主動句、“把”字句等多種句式的對應(yīng)句式有關(guān),并據(jù)此對其句式語義進(jìn)行了共時的分類和描寫,接著通過歷時的考察來進(jìn)一步探究這些句式語義之間的擴(kuò)展演變關(guān)系。從共時的角度來看,“被”字句的句式語義,可根據(jù)對應(yīng)句式的不同分為一般被動、致使被動和遭遇被動三種類型,不過這三種類型之間也存在一些中間類型。此外,我們還將致使性“被”字句和“把”字句進(jìn)行了比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)二者在致使情景觀察視角和致使性的強(qiáng)弱方面存在差異。從歷時的角度來看,一般性“被”字句大約于戰(zhàn)國末期萌芽,西漢時期開始向致使被動擴(kuò)展,六朝時期出現(xiàn)了典型的致使性“被”字句,到唐五代時逐漸完成了源自大部分一般性“被”字句的語義擴(kuò)展。此外,隨著一般性“被”字句和致使性“被”字句的發(fā)展,二者中分別有少數(shù)在唐五代時期開始向遭遇被動擴(kuò)展和演變,并在南宋時期出現(xiàn)了典型的遭遇性“被”字句。遭遇性“被”字句產(chǎn)生并獲得一定發(fā)展之后,到現(xiàn)代逐漸消亡了。另外,我們還對一般被動向致使被動和遭遇被動擴(kuò)展、致使被動向遭遇被動演變以及遭遇被動的式微等問題進(jìn)行了嘗試性解釋。
[Abstract]:As for the sentence semantics of "Bei", the traditional way of saying is passive relationship, now more and more people think it means causation. However, we find that neither of these two statements can generalize all the "be" sentences, and the sentence semantics of the "be" sentences are not single. So what is the reason for the semantic diversity of the sentence "be"? What are the types of sentence semantics of "Bei" sentence? What kind of extended evolutionary relationship exists between these types of sentence semantics? This paper attempts to answer these three questions through the collection and analysis of synchronic and diachronic corpus. We think that the variety of semantic forms of "Bei" sentence is related to its active sentence, "Ba" sentence and other corresponding sentence patterns, and the synchronic classification and description of its syntactic semantics. Then, through the diachronic investigation, we further explore the extended and evolving relationship between these syntactic semantics. From the synchronic point of view, the sentence semantics of "Bei" sentence can be divided into three types according to the different corresponding sentence patterns, which result in three types of passive and encountering passivity, but there are some intermediate types among the three types. In addition, we compare the causative "Bei" sentence with the "Ba" sentence, and find that there are differences between them in the perspective of causative situational observation and the strength of causality. From a diachronic point of view, the general sentence "Bei" began to sprout at the end of the warring States period, and the Western Han Dynasty began to expand passively to cause, and the typical causative "Bei" sentence appeared in the six dynasties. By the Tang and the five dynasties, the semantic expansion of most of the general "Bei" sentences had been completed. In addition, with the development of the general "Bei" sentence and the causative "Bei" sentence, a few of them began to expand and evolve to encounter passively during the Tang and five dynasties, and a typical encounter "Bei" sentence appeared in the Southern Song Dynasty. After the emergence and development of encounter word "be", it gradually died out in modern times. In addition, we also try to explain some problems such as passive and encountering passive expansion, passive evolution and passive decline.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146

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本文編號：1914036