本文選題：語用預設(shè)　切入點：言語幽默　出處：《西華大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：預設(shè)大量存在于各種言語交際當中，尤其對言語幽默有很強的解釋力。本文試圖從語用的角度解讀中文脫口秀《越策越開心》中的幽默言語，集中探討預設(shè)現(xiàn)象在脫口秀這一特殊言語交際中是如何發(fā)揮作用、產(chǎn)生幽默效果的。 預設(shè)研究最早源于哲學領(lǐng)域，吸引了不同領(lǐng)域?qū)W者的興趣。隨著語言學的發(fā)展，，預設(shè)逐漸成為語言學家們的熱門研究課題。預設(shè)一般分為語義預設(shè)和語用預設(shè)兩大類，本文主要以語用預設(shè)為理論基礎(chǔ)進行分析。語用預設(shè)是指發(fā)話人在說話之前對交際語境的主觀認知和假設(shè)，不一定是對外部世界的客觀反映，與語境或常識相悖，就會自動消失。同一話語在不同語境下具有不同的預設(shè)。在交際過程中，發(fā)話人根據(jù)交際意圖和自身對某事物的認識組織話語，把某種自認為正確的信息當作是預設(shè)信息以隱含的方式表達于語句中，并作為交際的前提和出發(fā)點。而聽話人對預設(shè)的解讀并不一定和說話人相同，對預設(shè)的處理也不同。正是說話人和聽話人對預設(shè)進行的各種不同的操作和解讀，導致沖突，產(chǎn)生幽默效果。 幽默產(chǎn)生于對某種不和諧的突然感知。本文結(jié)合傳統(tǒng)的不和諧理論，在語用預設(shè)的理論框架下從說話人角度的預設(shè)操作所引發(fā)的幽默，包括使用虛假預設(shè)、取消預設(shè)和保留預設(shè)；聽話人角度的預設(shè)操作所引發(fā)的幽默，包括誤解、故意曲解和取消對方預設(shè)；預設(shè)與常識、上下文話語沖突導致的不和諧三個方面對中文脫口秀《越策越開心》中的幽默話語進行分析，討論預設(shè)現(xiàn)象在該脫口秀中是如何利用其特點和使用技巧來實現(xiàn)幽默效果而使觀眾發(fā)笑的。實例分析表明：一、該脫口秀中的言語幽默是通過說話者和聽話者對語用預設(shè)的各種策略性操作來實現(xiàn)的，其中說話者取消自身預設(shè)、聽話者取消和故意曲解說話者預設(shè)最為常用；二、預設(shè)與常識沖突、預設(shè)與上下文話語沖突以及預設(shè)與發(fā)話人意圖沖突造成各種不和諧從而產(chǎn)生幽默效果，即預設(shè)引發(fā)的不和諧是該脫口秀中言語幽默的最終原因。 本文通過對《越策越開心》中幽默言語的分析，希望能夠更好的理解脫口秀中言語幽默的產(chǎn)生及預設(shè)在動態(tài)交際語境中的運用，在語用學理論尤其是預設(shè)理論對幽默的解釋力方面做出一些努力。
[Abstract]:Presupposition exists in all kinds of verbal communication, especially for verbal humor.This paper attempts to interpret the humorous speech in Chinese talk show from the perspective of pragmatics, focusing on how the preset phenomenon plays a role in the special verbal communication of the talk show and produces the humorous effect.The study of presupposition originated from the field of philosophy and attracted the interest of scholars in different fields.With the development of linguistics, presupposition has gradually become a hot research topic for linguists.Presupposition is generally divided into two categories: semantic presupposition and pragmatic presupposition.Pragmatic presupposition refers to the subjective cognition and hypothesis of the speaker's communicative context before he speaks. It is not necessarily an objective reflection of the external world and will disappear automatically if it is contrary to context or common sense.The same discourse has different presuppositions in different contexts.In the process of communication, the speaker organizes the discourse according to the communicative intention and his own understanding of something, and expresses the presupposition information in the sentence in an implicit way, which is regarded as the presupposition information, and as the premise and starting point of communication.The listener's interpretation of presupposition is not necessarily the same as that of the speaker, and the presupposition is treated differently.It is the different operation and interpretation of presupposition between the speaker and the hearer that leads to conflict and humorous effect.Humor arises from a sudden perception of some dissonance.Based on the traditional theory of disharmony, this paper presents the humor caused by preset operation from the perspective of the speaker under the theoretical framework of pragmatic presupposition, including the use of false presupposition, the cancellation of presupposition and the retention of presupposition;Humor caused by preset operation from the perspective of the hearer, including misunderstanding, deliberate misinterpretation and cancellation of presupposition; presupposition and common sense,Three aspects of disharmony caused by contextual discourse conflict are used to analyze the humorous utterances in the Chinese talk show "more and more fun".This paper discusses how the preset phenomenon can make the audience laugh by using its features and techniques to make the audience laugh.Examples show that: first, the verbal humor in the talk show is realized through various strategic actions of the speaker and the listener to the pragmatic presupposition, in which the speaker cancels the presupposition.Second, presupposition and common sense conflict, presupposition and contextual discourse conflict, presupposition and speaker intention conflict cause various disharmony and produce humorous effect.The disharmony caused by presupposition is the ultimate cause of verbal humor in the talk show.Based on the analysis of humorous speech in "more strategies and happier", this paper hopes to better understand the generation of verbal humor in talk shows and the application of presupposition in dynamic communication context.Some efforts have been made in pragmatic theory, especially presupposition theory, to explain humor.
【學位授予單位】：西華大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H13

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