本文選題：火　切入點：隱喻　出處：《東北師范大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：自上個世紀八十年代初期以來，隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻開始成為認知語言領(lǐng)域研究的焦點之一。西方傳統(tǒng)理論認為隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻是特殊的修辭手段，經(jīng)常運用于詩歌或小說中。LakoffJohnson(1980)對隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻做出了全新的定義和解釋。在他們的著作《我們賴以生存的隱喻》中，他們提出了概念隱喻和概念轉(zhuǎn)喻理論。從此，隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻研究進入了一個新時代—認知語言學時代。 認知語言學家認為，隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻絕非僅僅是一種語言現(xiàn)象，也體現(xiàn)了人類認知的普遍規(guī)律。它們與人類的思維方式有著密切的聯(lián)系，并存在于我們生活的各個方面。概念隱喻的本質(zhì)是用一個概念去認知和理解另一個概念，，即由源域向目標域的映射。同隱喻一樣，轉(zhuǎn)喻也是人類重要的認知方式，“是發(fā)生在同一認知模型（即理想化認知模型中）的操作過程，其中一個概念實體為另一個概念實體提供心理通道”(RaddenKovecses,1999:39)。隱喻建立在“相似性”的基礎(chǔ)上，涉及到不同域之間的映射，而轉(zhuǎn)喻是以“鄰近性”為基礎(chǔ)，通常發(fā)生在同一域內(nèi)，即用同一突顯性的、易感知的事物或概念來代替另一個事物或概念。然而，雖然“域”是概念隱喻和概念轉(zhuǎn)喻之間主要的區(qū)分標準，但“域”本身就是個十分模糊的概念。因此，隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻的區(qū)分難以界定。事實上，有許多概念的產(chǎn)生是概念隱喻和概念轉(zhuǎn)喻共同作用的結(jié)果。 LakoffJohnson（1980）將概念隱喻分為三大類：方位隱喻，結(jié)構(gòu)隱喻和本體隱喻。對于概念轉(zhuǎn)喻的分類，本文則認為RaddenKovecses的分類相對系統(tǒng)和具體。RaddenKovecses （1999）把轉(zhuǎn)喻分為兩大部分：整體和部分之間的轉(zhuǎn)喻以及整體的部分與部分之間的轉(zhuǎn)喻。本論文將根據(jù)LakoffJohnson概念隱喻和概念轉(zhuǎn)喻的理論，對漢語中漢字“火”的隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻進行分析和研究，旨在探討漢字“火”意義衍生的類型和理據(jù)。本研究旨在回答以下三個研究問題： 1.概念火的隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻有哪些？ 2.概念火是如何通過隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻映射到其他認知域的？ 3.概念火隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻的意義延伸的認知理據(jù)是什么？ 火是人類生存和發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵，同時也是中國古代物質(zhì)觀—五行（金，木，水，火，土）的五大元素之一。所以，中國人對火的認識十分深刻。漢語中大量的語料都表明了對漢字“火”的概念化。通過對語料的分析，本論文發(fā)現(xiàn)火可以轉(zhuǎn)喻為“工具”和“災難”，同時也可以隱喻到抽象的“危險”域和“情感”域。上述的一些主域又可以近一步地劃分為不同的次域，例如：“武器”域、“戰(zhàn)爭”域、“氣憤”域、“緊急”域、“希望”域和“愛情”域。這些主域和次域以錯綜復雜的方式相互聯(lián)系，都建立在概念隱喻和概念轉(zhuǎn)喻或者它們之間相互作用的基礎(chǔ)上。此外，本研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，“火”的隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻的形成還受到中國傳統(tǒng)文化的影響。有些“火”的隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻是中國文化所特有的。
[Abstract]:Since the early eighties of the last century, metaphor and metonymy have become one of the focal points in the field of cognitive language. Traditional western theories hold that metaphor and metonymy are special rhetorical devices. Often used in poetry or fiction. Lakoff Johnsonian (1980) provides a new definition and interpretation of metaphor and metonymy. In their book metaphors on which we live, they put forward the theory of conceptual metaphors and metonymy. The study of metaphor and metonymy has entered a new era-cognitive linguistics. Cognitive linguists believe that metaphor and metonymy are not only a linguistic phenomenon, but also a universal law of human cognition. And exists in every aspect of our life. The essence of conceptual metaphor is to use one concept to recognize and understand another concept, that is, mapping from source domain to target domain. Metonymy is also an important cognitive way of human beings. "it is the operation of the same cognitive model (i.e. idealized cognitive model). One of the conceptual entities provides a psychological channel for the other conceptual entity, "Radden Kovecsesa 1999: 391.metaphor is based on" similarity "and involves mapping between different domains, whereas metonymy is based on" proximity "and usually occurs in the same domain. That is, to replace another thing or concept with the same salient, perceptible thing or concept. However, while "domain" is the main criterion for the distinction between conceptual metaphor and conceptual metonymy, Therefore, the distinction between metaphor and metonymy is difficult to define. In fact, many concepts come into being as a result of the interaction of conceptual metaphor and conceptual metonymy. Lakoff Johnsonian (1980) classifies conceptual metaphor into three categories: orientation metaphor, structural metaphor and ontological metaphor. This paper argues that RaddenKovecses's relative system of classification and specific. Radden Kovecses 1999) divides metonymy into two parts: metonymy between whole and part and metonymy between whole and part. This thesis will be based on the theory of LakoffJohnson conceptual metaphor and conceptual metonymy. This paper analyzes and studies the metaphor and metonymy of "fire" in Chinese characters, with a view to exploring the types and motivations of the derivation of the meaning of "fire" in Chinese characters. The purpose of this study is to answer the following three research questions:. 1. What are the metaphors and metonyms of conceptual fire? 2. How does conceptual fire map to other cognitive domains through metaphor and metonymy? 3. What are the cognitive motivations for the extension of conceptual fire metaphor and metonymy? Fire is the key to the survival and development of mankind, and it is also one of the five elements of the five elements (gold, wood, water, fire, earth) in ancient China. The Chinese people have a deep understanding of fire. A lot of data in Chinese show the conceptualization of the Chinese character "fire". This paper finds that fire can be transformed into "tools" and "disasters", and can also be metaphorically transformed into abstract "danger" and "emotional" domains. Some of the above main domains can be further divided into different subdomains. For example, "weapons", "war", "anger", "emergency", "hope" and "love". Are based on conceptual metaphors and conceptual metonymy or their interactions. The study also finds that the formation of metaphor and metonymy of fire is also influenced by Chinese traditional culture, and that some metaphors and metonymy of fire are unique to Chinese culture.
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H15

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