英漢被動(dòng)句結(jié)構(gòu)與功能對比研究
本文關(guān)鍵詞: 被動(dòng)語態(tài) 被動(dòng)構(gòu)式擴(kuò)展 元功能 對比研究 出處:《南京師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文 論文類型:學(xué)位論文
【摘要】:被動(dòng)概念是人類普遍具有的經(jīng)驗(yàn)概念,被動(dòng)概念的表達(dá)一直以來都是語言研究中的熱點(diǎn)之一。不同的語法學(xué)家對被動(dòng)語態(tài)有不同的定義和劃分,在具體的研究中,各個(gè)流派的研究重點(diǎn)也有著很大的不同。傳統(tǒng)語言學(xué)主要研究主動(dòng)到被動(dòng)的形式上的轉(zhuǎn)換。以Chomsky為代表的形式學(xué)派認(rèn)為被動(dòng)和主動(dòng)共用一個(gè)深層結(jié)構(gòu),被動(dòng)句是通過 一系列的轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則由深層結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換而來的,該學(xué)派的研究側(cè)重于對這些轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則的描述,而不考慮語用。而認(rèn)知學(xué)派對于語言現(xiàn)象的研究依據(jù)的是“人類經(jīng)驗(yàn)→概念化→圖式化→語言形式”的假設(shè),在研究語言現(xiàn)象時(shí)探討的是語言形式和以經(jīng)驗(yàn)為基礎(chǔ)的概念化之間的雙向關(guān)系。該派主要研究被動(dòng)句的句法語義原型、原型效應(yīng)、構(gòu)式意義、被動(dòng)句的擴(kuò)展以及其認(rèn)知理據(jù)等等。功能學(xué)派重視從語言的功能方面研究不同的語言形式。對于被動(dòng)態(tài)的研究該派主要從其具有的語篇功能、人際功能方面等進(jìn)行研究。本研究的目的在于運(yùn)用以上認(rèn)知領(lǐng)域的最新理論——原型范疇理論、ICM理論、構(gòu)式理論以及韓禮德的元功能理論對英漢被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式、產(chǎn)生機(jī)制、功能進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的對比研究,以求揭示被動(dòng)語態(tài)這一語言現(xiàn)象背后所反映的人類經(jīng)驗(yàn)的普遍性。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)英漢被動(dòng)句式的產(chǎn)生有著相同的認(rèn)知機(jī)制,英漢特殊被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的產(chǎn)生是通過隱喻。英漢被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)在語用功能上既有相同點(diǎn)也有不同之處,這反應(yīng)了英漢文化上的差異。本研究使我們對被動(dòng)概念的理解有了進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識,也使我們認(rèn)識到了認(rèn)知理論的強(qiáng)大解釋力。
[Abstract]:Passive concept is a common empirical concept in human beings. The expression of passive concept has always been one of the hotspots in language research. Different grammars have different definitions and divisions of passive voice. Traditional linguistics mainly studies the transformation from active to passive form. The formal school, represented by Chomsky, holds that passive and active share a deep structure, and passive sentences share a deep structure. A series of transformation rules are derived from deep structural transformation. The study of this school focuses on the description of these transformation rules, regardless of pragmatics. The cognitive school studies linguistic phenomena on the basis of "human experience." 鈫扖onceptualization. 鈫扴chema transformation. 鈫扵he hypothesis of "language form" explores the two-way relationship between language form and empiric-based conceptualization in the study of linguistic phenomena. This school focuses on syntactic and semantic prototypes, archetypal effects, and constructional meanings of passive sentences. The extension of passive sentence and its cognitive motivation, etc. The functional school pays attention to the study of different language forms from the aspect of language function. The purpose of this study is to use the theories of prototype category, construction and metafunctions of Halliday to produce the forms of passive voice in English and Chinese, which are the latest theories in cognitive field, such as the theory of ICM, the theory of construction, and the theory of metafunctions of Halliday. In order to reveal the universality of human experience reflected by passive voice, we find that the generation of passive sentence patterns in English and Chinese has the same cognitive mechanism. The emergence of English and Chinese special passive structures is based on metaphor. There are similarities and differences in pragmatic functions of English and Chinese passive structures, which reflect the cultural differences between English and Chinese. It also makes us realize the powerful explanatory power of cognitive theory.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2012
【分類號】:H314;H146
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