本文選題：大屏幕顯示 + 多通道��； 參考：《北京交通大學》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：近幾年來,隨著投影顯示技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,大屏幕拼接技術(shù)已廣泛應用于虛擬仿真培訓、指揮控制、工業(yè)制造設(shè)計、科學研究和復雜決策等過程,并在廣告、展覽展示、娛樂領(lǐng)域的應用越來越流行。目前廣泛使用的大屏幕顯示系統(tǒng),采用的是高性能的投影儀,其成本十分昂貴,難以普及。研究采用基于攝像機的多個投影儀拼接高分辨率大屏幕顯示系統(tǒng)具有一定的實用價值和現(xiàn)實意義。 本文在研究了國內(nèi)外大屏幕顯示拼接技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上,實現(xiàn)了獨立投影的兩幅圖像在投影幕上拼接顯示為一幅無縫的高分辨率的圖像。滿足了人們對高分辨率、大可視范圍的展示設(shè)備的需求,同時實驗器材僅需兩臺投影儀、兩臺PC機及一臺攝像機,因此也滿足了人們的低成本的需求。 本文的主要工作分為以下兩個重點： (1)幾何校正 尋找各坐標空間,投影儀空間、投影幕空間和攝像機空間,之間的矩陣轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系,最終得到兩投影儀投影顯示區(qū)的位置關(guān)系參數(shù),以及預畸變矩陣,對投影圖像進行幾何預處理,實現(xiàn)投影圖像的幾何配準。 (2)顏色校正 主要分為兩個方面,一是兩臺投影儀之間的顏色差異校正,二是兩臺投影儀重疊區(qū)域的顏色融合。 在全局顏色校正部分,利用三次B樣條理論,得到各投影儀的顏色傳遞函數(shù),計算它們的公共色域,并對各投影儀顏色輸入值進行校正,減小投影儀間的顏色差異。顏色融合部分,選取合適的融合函數(shù),對圖像的重疊部分進行漸入漸出式衰減融合處理,消除高亮效應,實現(xiàn)無縫拼接的目的。 本文的主要創(chuàng)新改進工作有： (1)圖像融合過程中,對圖像重疊部分的alpha通道賦值時,不是利用投影幕上左右投影區(qū)的重疊信息,而是直接利用原始圖像的固定重疊像素信息,計算融合函數(shù)的結(jié)果,賦值給alpha通道,從而避免了計算不規(guī)則的投影重疊區(qū)。 (2)強調(diào)了重疊區(qū)和融合區(qū)兩個不同的概念,突出在圖像融合過程中計算融合函數(shù)時兩者的區(qū)別。恰當?shù)倪x擇融合區(qū)的大小,更好地消除圖像重疊部分的高亮效應,達到無縫拼接的目的,使投影圖像整體效果在視覺上顏色更加一致均勻。 由于目前大屏幕顯示系統(tǒng)昂貴的價格,以及其復雜的操作流程,使得人們對低成本的大屏幕拼接顯示系統(tǒng)的需求越來越緊迫。本文正是從這一角度出發(fā),在實驗中選取成本低、操作簡單,為普通實驗室所有的一些儀器,來進行低成本的多通道大屏幕圖像的無縫拼接技術(shù)研究。通過長時間的研究與實驗,取得了一定的實驗結(jié)果,并再次證實了基于普通攝像機的低成本的多通道圖像無縫拼接的實用性與重要性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous development of projection display technology, large screen splicing technology has been widely used in virtual simulation training, command and control, industrial manufacturing design, scientific research and complex decision-making processes, and in advertising, exhibition and display, The application of entertainment is becoming more and more popular. At present, the large screen display system widely used is high performance projector, its cost is very expensive, it is difficult to popularize. It has certain practical value and practical significance to study the high resolution large screen display system based on multiple projectors based on camera. This paper studies the technology of large screen display splicing at home and abroad. The two images of independent projection are spliced into a seamless high resolution image on the projection screen. To meet the needs of high resolution, large visual range display equipment, and experimental equipment only two projectors, two PCs and a camera, The main work of this paper is as follows: 1) the matrix transformation relationship between coordinate space, projector space, projection screen space and camera space. Finally, the position relation parameters of the projection display area of the two projectors and the predistortion matrix are obtained. The geometric preprocessing of the projection image is carried out to realize the geometric registration of the projection image. The color correction is mainly divided into two aspects. One is the color difference correction between the two projectors, the other is the color fusion of the overlapping area between the two projectors. In the global color correction part, the color transfer function of each projector is obtained by using the cubic B-spline theory. The common color gamut is calculated and the color input values of each projector are corrected to reduce the color difference between the projectors. In the part of color fusion, the suitable fusion function is selected, and the overlapping part of the image is processed by gradual in and out attenuation fusion, which eliminates the highlight effect and realizes the purpose of seamless stitching. The main innovation and improvement work of this paper are as follows: 1) in the process of image fusion, When the alpha channel of the overlapping part of the image is assigned, the overlapping information of the left and right projection areas on the projection screen is not used, but the fixed overlapping pixel information of the original image is directly used to calculate the result of the fusion function and assign the value to the alpha channel. In order to avoid the calculation of irregular projection overlapped region, we emphasize the two different concepts of overlapping region and fusion region, and emphasize the difference between them when calculating fusion function in image fusion process. Choosing the size of the fusion area properly to eliminate the highlight effect of the overlapped part of the image better, and achieve the purpose of seamless stitching. Because of the high price of large screen display system and its complicated operation flow, the demand of low cost large screen splicing display system is more and more urgent. From this point of view, this paper selects some instruments of low cost and simple operation, which are all owned by ordinary laboratory, to study the seamless stitching technology of multi-channel large screen images with low cost. After a long time of research and experiment, some experimental results have been obtained, and the practicability and importance of seamless multichannel image stitching based on common video camera have been confirmed again.
【學位授予單位】：北京交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：TP391.41

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本文編號：2005258