Introduction介紹

本文分析已經(jīng)在澳大利亞兩個選定公司的財務(wù)報告所采用的會計政策聲明。已選定用于分析的公司是澳大利亞股票市場（ASX）。兩家公司都在ASX（澳大利亞證券交易所）上市。已被選定為研究這兩家公司是澳大利亞杜卡迪和高級發(fā)動機零部件有限公司。本文評估了兩家公司的年度報告。This paper analyzes the accounting policy statement that has been used in the financial reports of the two selected companies in Australia. The companies that have been selected for the analysis are from Australian stock markets (ASX). Both companies are listed in the ASX (Australian Securities Exchange). The two companies that have been selected for the research are Ducati Australia and Advanced Engine Components Limited.  This paper evaluates the annual reports of the two companies.  

Ducati Australia澳大利亞杜卡迪

Ducati Australia is an Australian company involved in the manufacturing of motorcycles. The company faced an intense competition from Japanese competitors. This compels the company to strive towards excellence by heavy customization of bikes through stylish designs and performance. The company enjoys a significant brand name which is well renowned through the world. The issues and challenges faced by Ducati Australia during the great depression are exports. The business experienced turmoil in previous times, which affected the profitability of the company. However, Ducati Australia did not suspend their operations. The company has a history of crisis, which was eventually overcome with the passage of time and rose to fame by their promotional activities and unique propositions (Annual report, 2013b). 

Advanced Engine Components Limited 先進的發(fā)動機部件有限公司

杜卡迪澳大利亞是參與制造摩托車一家澳大利亞公司。該公司面臨著來自日本的競爭對手的激烈競爭。本公司強迫通過時尚的設(shè)計和性能的自行車大量定制邁向卓越努力。該公司享有顯著的品牌名稱是通過世界著名的好。在大蕭條時期所面臨的杜卡迪澳大利亞的問題和挑戰(zhàn)是出口。該業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)歷動蕩之前的時間，這影響了公司的盈利能力。然而，杜卡迪澳大利亞并沒有停止他們的行動。公司擁有危機的歷史，這是最終與時間的推移克服和其促銷活動和獨特的命題一舉成名（年度報告，2013b）。Advanced Engine Components Limited is an Australian company. The company operates the business of the sales and the commercialization NGVS (Natural Gas Vehicle System), it also sales the engines of the natural gas vehicles, the spare parts and the components. The company has the specialty of the making the EFI engines and engine management technologies so that it enables the engines to run on gas (natural gas) (Annual report, 2013a). 
Analysis and Comparison of Both firms
It has also been witnessed that globalization over the last few years that there is this need for standard accounting practices to be followed throughout the world. It has to be said that this was something that should have happened quite a years ago. Having a uniform set of standards will help as far as benchmarking and other relevant aspects are concerned. There are many countries that are making it more or less compulsory that IFRS should be the part of their accounting and financial standards (Iatridis and Rouvolis, 2010).  These are some of the things that have made it more or less compulsory for the organization to converge the international standards (IFRS). The importance of convergence is clear and indisputable, the high number publications on the subject demonstrate its importance, and the convergence, international standards facilitate foreign investment, and brought changes significant to the financial statements. 
The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) has developed the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) with flexibility in the standards of accounting.  The purpose of harmonization of accounting standards is indisputable, as to the verification of the quality of international standards is not the focus of this study. Differences between IFRS and CPC SMEs, convergence unfeasible given that the structural differences are due to adaptations to current legislation, the differences are not conceptual and are within the requirements of the standards and guidelines international. 
As discussed earlier in this paper, the fact that companies cannot provide different results for similar transactions, allowing easy comparability and reliability of their accounts and evaluate the performance of their assets it can be considered as one of the major assumptions that led to the adoption of IFRS. It could give a brief example, however, very concrete around a telecommunications company: the significant costs of network deployment, startup expenses, customer acquisition, finance charges and other costs may be treated differently by each company; in all cases, with the concurrence of its auditors. Thus, the current results and future these companies will not be comparable. One that has led directly to spending most of the initial investment will not sacrifice the future results, although, in contrast, presents lower equity. So are these different alternatives that will be eliminated with the adoption of IFRS (Jamal et.al 2010).
Accounting policies, Disclosure of Income taxes, benefits and obligations 
The two companies that have been selected for the analysis are Ducati Australia and Advance Engine Components Limited which are from Australia. After evaluating the financial report of the Ducati Australia, it can be said that the Ducati Australia and Advance Engine Components Limited use the AASB standards for reporting and their accounting policies are different from each other. The principles of consolidation and basis of presentation in both companies are reported differently. In the Ducati Australia the consolidation has been done by using the IFRS, on the other hand Advance Engine Components Limited has used the AASB to report the consolidation in its financial report of 2013. The accounting policy statement of the Ducati Australia in its annual report for the year 2013 has depicted that the cash and equivalent items of the Ducatiare invested in the high liquid maturity with an original maturity of three months or less than three months. 
The Advance Engine Components limited used its cash equivalent in the short term investments (Annual Report, 2013a). The accounting policy of the Ducati Australia reflects that the interest receivables are recorded as earned (Annual Report, 2013b). Moreover, the accrued interest is also includes in the finance receivables classification. While analyzing the annual reports of the two above mentioned companies, it has been observed that it became difficult to compare these two companies. The main reason behind that is the accounting standards which are used in the annual reports of these two companies are different. The Ducati Australia has used IFRS standards and Advance Engine Components Limited has used ASSB standards (Armstrong & Riedl, 2010, 31-61). 

Findings 發(fā)現(xiàn)

IFRS refers to a common accounting language that allows you to prepare, consolidate, audit and interpret identically financial information and the lack of this common language has limited the efficient allocation of economic resources and financial companies, constituting a barrier to their understanding of the risk and return of same to lenders, investors and other creditors, representing an obstacle increased, especially to markets capital (Armstrong & Riedl, 2010). The adoption of IFRS is to ensure a degree of transparency and comparability of financial statements and hence an efficient functioning of capital markets in the region and the internal market. The convergence and international harmonization of accounting rules is thus a key element for increasing the competitiveness of firms and markets in a global context.
However, economic forces and corporate costs are not sufficient to explain how accounting standards have gained wide acceptance. Arguably, there need to report some technical characteristics of these harmonized standards for understand the acceptance by countries with different cultures and traditions of reports (Jamal et.al 2010). The distinctive feature of IFRS is principles-based standards are, presenting a logic that facilitated its wide acceptance and approval of more than one hundred countries. Nevertheless, the value measurement air, the theoretical and the primacy of economic substance over form are other characteristics of financial reporting differs from reports that domestic country who joined the project accounting convergence of International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).
Accordingly, Jamal et.al (2010) suggests that the adoption of a conceptual framework will not lead consistent accounting standards and, inevitably, the framework will not credibility, as it is inconsistent with local law. The example, (Armstrong & Riedl, 2010) report that countries with innovations in their conceptual structures can suffer a setback whenusing patterns that take into account the global characteristics expense of local needs.

Conclusion總結(jié)

After analyzing this paper, it can be said that the convergence of the AASB is a good way of standardizing the accounting principles. It makes the comparability of the annual reports easier for the companies. Moreover, accounting policies and financial reporting brings the transparency in the financial reporting system and reduce the chances of fraud in the financial reporting. The reason of supporting the convergence of the AASB is that it reduces the cost in the financial reporting and it also enhances the aggregate system of the financial reporting. The convergence of the AASB would make the reporting of the global companies easier and it is also the demand of the rapidly globalized world. If companies across the world adopt the AASB then it would become easier for them to compare their financial reports with other companies. 
 

References文獻

Annual report, (2013a). Advanced Engine Components Limited. 
Annual report, (2013b). Ducati Australia. 
Armstrong, C. S., Barth, M. E., Jagolinzer, A. D., & Riedl, E. J. (2010). Market reaction to the adoption of IFRS in Europe. 
Durocher, S., & Gendron, Y. (2011). IFRS: on the docility of sophisticated users in preserving the ideal of comparability. 
Iatridis, G., & Rouvolis, S. (2010). The post-adoption effects of the implementation of International Financial Reporting Standards in Greece.
Jamal, K., Bloomfield, R., Christensen, T. E., Colson, R. H., Moehrle, S., Ohlson, J., ... & Watts, R. L. (2010). A research-based perspective on the SEC's proposed rule-Roadmap for the potential use of financial statements prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) by US issuers. 

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本文編號：37850