本文選題：省略 + 句子�。� 參考：《湖南大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 通過(guò)對(duì)以往研究的考察,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)在眾多關(guān)于日語(yǔ)人稱(chēng)代詞省略現(xiàn)象的研究中,大部分是對(duì)各類(lèi)省略現(xiàn)象的羅列,然而關(guān)于人稱(chēng)代詞省略條件的考察似乎并不多見(jiàn)。因此,關(guān)于日語(yǔ)人稱(chēng)代詞省略的條件還有待研究。本文根據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)的認(rèn)知原理和交際原理,通過(guò)對(duì)句子層面及語(yǔ)篇層面中日語(yǔ)人稱(chēng)代詞省略現(xiàn)象的分析,從認(rèn)知視角考察影響日語(yǔ)人稱(chēng)代詞省略現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的因素,進(jìn)而探究其省略的條件。 關(guān)聯(lián)理論認(rèn)為,一切交際行為都有“以最小的認(rèn)知努力獲得最大認(rèn)知效果”的傾向�；诖�,以往的研究將省略句定義為：以省略這一最小的認(rèn)知努力得到包含說(shuō)話者背景、情況、經(jīng)驗(yàn)、想法等認(rèn)知環(huán)境在內(nèi)的最大認(rèn)知效果的句子。本文沿用此定義對(duì)日語(yǔ)人稱(chēng)代詞的省略現(xiàn)象展開(kāi)研究。 首先,本文從句子層面對(duì)人稱(chēng)代詞省略現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了考察。日語(yǔ)中,由語(yǔ)義信息引起人稱(chēng)限定的句子表達(dá)有很多,例如：主觀表達(dá)、授受表達(dá)、被動(dòng)表達(dá)、敬語(yǔ)表達(dá)以及命令請(qǐng)求表達(dá)等。由于這些句子表達(dá)本身具有人稱(chēng)限定,所以通過(guò)這些表達(dá)能夠達(dá)到人稱(chēng)所指明示化的認(rèn)知效果。在此前提下,為了減少語(yǔ)言處理所需的認(rèn)知努力,人稱(chēng)代詞的省略是符合關(guān)聯(lián)理論的。 其次,根據(jù)人稱(chēng)代詞的指示功能,本文從現(xiàn)場(chǎng)指示和話語(yǔ)復(fù)指兩個(gè)方面考察了語(yǔ)篇層面日語(yǔ)人稱(chēng)代詞的省略現(xiàn)象。對(duì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)指示的考察表明,話語(yǔ)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)中人們可以通過(guò)視線、句末聲調(diào)、“あのう·わえ”等招呼語(yǔ)以及專(zhuān)屬名稱(chēng)等方式明示指示對(duì)象。因此,為了減少語(yǔ)言處理的認(rèn)知努力,取得認(rèn)知努力和認(rèn)知效果的平衡,人稱(chēng)代詞常常被省略。同時(shí),針對(duì)話語(yǔ)復(fù)指,本文從承前省略和上下文省略兩方面進(jìn)行了分析。承前省略是通過(guò)上文中明示傳達(dá)行為,‘確定關(guān)于人稱(chēng)所指的假定,即明示傳達(dá)行為的新含義。在日語(yǔ)中,此人稱(chēng)所指的假定頻繁被喚起。根據(jù)假定被喚起的難易性,這一人稱(chēng)所指的假定在下文中也更容易被喚起。根據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)理論,為了減少認(rèn)知努力,人稱(chēng)代詞被省略是符合人類(lèi)認(rèn)知的。再者,在上下文(等同于認(rèn)知環(huán)境的廣義上的上下文)出現(xiàn)的省略現(xiàn)象中,話題人物一般較多。人稱(chēng)代詞被省略的話,人稱(chēng)所指不容易被推論。但是從上下文可以推論的話,為了保證最佳關(guān)聯(lián),人稱(chēng)代詞也常常被省略,并由此保證了語(yǔ)篇的最佳連貫。 最后,在關(guān)聯(lián)理論的框架下,本文還考察了日語(yǔ)人稱(chēng)代詞的非省略現(xiàn)象�？疾旖Y(jié)果表明,非省略是說(shuō)話者試圖通過(guò)人稱(chēng)代詞來(lái)傳達(dá)額外的認(rèn)知效果,或者試圖減少聽(tīng)話者理解語(yǔ)言要做的認(rèn)知努力,為保證話語(yǔ)的最佳關(guān)聯(lián)而主觀采取的表達(dá)。這時(shí),如果省略的話,就違反了關(guān)聯(lián)原則。 進(jìn)而,通過(guò)考察,本文揭示出日本人“以心傳心”的民族性作為一種邏輯信息已深植于日本人的認(rèn)知環(huán)境,從而為日語(yǔ)中大量省略現(xiàn)象的產(chǎn)生提供了條件。
[Abstract]:Through the investigation of the previous studies, the author finds that most of the researches on the ellipsis of Japanese personal pronouns are an enumeration of all kinds of ellipsis, but the investigation on the ellipsis conditions of personal pronouns seems to be rare. Therefore, the conditions of Japanese personal pronoun ellipsis need to be studied. Based on the cognitive and communicative principles of relevance, this paper analyzes the ellipsis of Japanese personal pronouns at the sentence and discourse levels, and explores the factors that affect the ellipsis of Japanese personal pronouns from a cognitive perspective. And then explore the conditions of its ellipsis. Relevance theory holds that all communicative behaviors tend to achieve maximum cognitive effect with minimal cognitive effort. Based on this the previous studies have defined ellipsis as a sentence with the greatest cognitive effect including the background of the speaker the situation the experience and the idea through the minimal cognitive effort of ellipsis. This paper uses this definition to study the ellipsis of Japanese personal pronouns. First of all, this paper investigates the ellipsis of personal pronouns at sentence level. In Japanese, there are many sentence expressions defined by semantic information, such as subjective expression, grant expression, passive expression, honorific expression, command request expression and so on. Because these sentences have their own personal qualification, they can achieve the cognitive effect of the explicit expression of the person. On this premise, in order to reduce the cognitive effort required for language processing, the ellipsis of personal pronouns is consistent with relevance theory. Secondly, according to the deixis function of personal pronouns, this paper examines the ellipsis of Japanese personal pronouns at discourse level from the two aspects of field deixis and utterance complex. The investigation of field deixis shows that in the discourse scene, people can express the target by means of line of sight, tone at the end of the sentence, greeting words such as "such as" as well as the exclusive name. Therefore, in order to reduce the cognitive effort of language processing and achieve a balance between cognitive effort and cognitive effect, personal pronouns are often omitted. At the same time, this paper analyzes the utterance repetition from two aspects: antecedent ellipsis and contextual ellipsis. The former omission is to determine the assumption of the person's reference through the explicit communication act above, that is, the new meaning of the explicit communication act. In Japanese, this person claims that the assumptions he refers to are frequently evocated. Based on the ease of arousal of hypotheses, the hypotheses referred to by this person are also more likely to be evocated in the following paragraphs. According to relevance theory, in order to reduce cognitive effort, the omission of personal pronouns accords with human cognition. Furthermore, in the ellipsis of context (equivalent to the broad context of cognitive environment), there are more topic figures. When personal pronouns are omitted, personal pronouns are not easily inferred. However, in order to ensure the best relevance, personal pronouns are often omitted from the context, thus ensuring the best coherence of the text. Finally, under the framework of relevance theory, the non-ellipsis of Japanese personal pronouns is investigated. The results show that non-ellipsis is an attempt by the speaker to convey additional cognitive effects through personal pronouns or to reduce the cognitive effort of the hearer to understand the language and to ensure the optimal relevance of the utterance. At this point, if omitted, the principle of association is violated. Furthermore, through the investigation, this paper reveals that the nationality of the Japanese as a kind of logical information has been deeply rooted in the cognitive environment of the Japanese, thus providing the conditions for the occurrence of a large number of ellipses in Japanese.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H36

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 李雪;關(guān)于日語(yǔ)會(huì)話中省略表現(xiàn)的研究[D];湖南大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：1793032