【摘要】：從人類共同體的演進(jìn)過程來看,公民意識是現(xiàn)代商品經(jīng)濟運行形態(tài)中公民個體解放的產(chǎn)物。在社會資源配置方式以及人類交往實踐的革命性變遷中,政治共同體中的個體在主體資格方面逐漸擺脫了“被國家吞沒”的命運,個性解放以及主體自由的確認(rèn)使公民獲得了前所未有的獨立性,公民的內(nèi)涵也因此得以衍生——對普遍的平等和自由的呼喚、對人的尊嚴(yán)和價值的強調(diào)、權(quán)利和契約理念的發(fā)現(xiàn)以及公民社會概念的出現(xiàn)都可以看做是公民內(nèi)涵在人們頭腦中所形成的觀念性架構(gòu)。不僅如此,在現(xiàn)代政治實踐中,工業(yè)文明下的共同體生活在給人們帶來巨大物質(zhì)財富的同時也引起了社會的迅速分化,形式統(tǒng)一的組織化模式并未能阻擋個體對不同生活模式、行為模式及價值目標(biāo)的追求,公民的主體觀念和自我意識的迅速膨脹不斷瓦解著工業(yè)化進(jìn)程中對共同體的認(rèn)同文化。但人的社會屬性以及現(xiàn)有社會生產(chǎn)條件下個體理性能力發(fā)展的非完善性都使得“自我”與他人之間的社會合作仍然必要且可能,而作為與公民這一政治存在相對應(yīng)的實踐理性,公民意識無疑扮演著對公民的獨立性主體資格進(jìn)行規(guī)范的角色。一方面,公民意識形塑著理性、平等和自由的價值觀念；另一方面,它還必須肩負(fù)著塑造公民的公共精神和社會責(zé)任感的重任。這樣一來,公民意識的內(nèi)在張力便使公民同儕必須學(xué)會以互惠性的方式實現(xiàn)“個體地結(jié)合”。 公共理性的理念和理想是基于現(xiàn)代民主社會中理性多元論的事實而提出的,它既尊重由社會利益分化而引起的各種合理性完備性學(xué)說同時又依系于后者才能達(dá)成普遍的“重疊共識”。對公共利益、公共領(lǐng)域、公共精神、公共責(zé)任以及公共行動的特殊要求使公共理性這一政治價值目標(biāo)在建構(gòu)一種公平合作的社會體系時能夠得到理性而合理的公民同儕的支持,而這些要求恰恰也構(gòu)成了現(xiàn)代政治共同體對公民個體的合理期待。在現(xiàn)代社會,公民意識與公共理性間耦合性關(guān)系的發(fā)掘不僅可以重新凝聚起人類共同體進(jìn)化的動力而且還有力地充實了公民意識的內(nèi)容。就處于社會加速轉(zhuǎn)型期的中國而言,公民意識的發(fā)育同樣面臨著由傳統(tǒng)倫理精神向現(xiàn)代價值規(guī)約轉(zhuǎn)化困頓。社會的加速分化與分層帶來了不同群體的價值分歧,公民與國家、自我與他者之間究竟應(yīng)該保持著何種關(guān)系才能維持共同體中的共存狀態(tài)呢?答案似乎是無限的。在市場經(jīng)濟體制下個體理性所建構(gòu)的道德世界中,公民意識似乎變成了一道“羅生門”——充斥著各種相對性的價值準(zhǔn)則。因此,只有以公共理性這一政治價值為皈依并從公民文化的構(gòu)建、公民教育的轉(zhuǎn)型以及公民參與的有序開展為路徑才能有效地化解多元與分歧所引起的沖突并最終使人們擺脫“判斷的負(fù)擔(dān)”。
[Abstract]:From the perspective of the evolution of the human community, the citizen consciousness is the product of individual liberation in the running form of modern commodity economy. In the revolutionary changes of social resources allocation and the practice of human communication, the individuals in the political community gradually got rid of the fate of being engulfed by the state in terms of subject qualification. The emancipation of personality and the recognition of the freedom of the subject have given citizens unprecedented independence, giving rise to the connotation of citizens-the call for universal equality and freedom, and the emphasis on the dignity and worth of the human person, The discovery of the concept of right and contract and the emergence of the concept of civil society can be seen as the conceptual framework formed by the connotation of citizen in people's minds. Moreover, in the modern political practice, the community life under the industrial civilization not only brought great material wealth to people, but also caused the rapid division of society. The pursuit of behavior mode and value goal, the rapid expansion of citizen's subjective concept and self-consciousness are unravelling the identity culture of the community in the process of industrialization. However, the social attributes of human beings and the imperfection of the development of individual rational ability under the existing social production conditions make the social cooperation between "self" and others necessary and possible, and as a practical reason corresponding to the political existence of the citizen. Citizen consciousness undoubtedly plays the role of regulating citizen's independent subject qualification. On the one hand, civic consciousness shapes the values of rationality, equality and freedom; on the other hand, it must shoulder the responsibility of shaping citizens' public spirit and social responsibility. In this way, the internal tension of civic consciousness makes it necessary for citizens to learn to "integrate individually" in a mutually beneficial manner. The idea and ideal of public rationality are based on the fact that rational pluralism is in modern democratic society. It not only respects the various theories of rationality and completeness caused by the differentiation of social interests, but also depends on the latter to reach a universal "overlapping consensus". The special demands on public interest, public sphere, public spirit, public responsibility and public action enable the political value goal of public rationality to be supported by rational and reasonable civil peers in the construction of a fair and cooperative social system. These requirements also constitute the reasonable expectation of the modern political community to the individual citizen. In modern society, the exploration of the coupling relationship between citizen consciousness and public rationality can not only reunite the motive force of the evolution of human community, but also enrich the content of citizen consciousness. As far as China is concerned, the development of citizen consciousness also faces the difficulty of transforming from the traditional ethical spirit to the modern value regulation. The accelerating division and stratification of society bring different groups of different values. What kind of relationship should be maintained between the citizen and the state, the self and the other to maintain the coexistence in the community? The answer seems infinite. In the moral world constructed by individual rationality under the market economy system, civic consciousness seems to become a "Luo Shengmen"-full of various relative value criteria. Therefore, only with the political value of public rationality as conversion and from the construction of civic culture, The transition of civic education and the orderly development of citizen participation can effectively resolve the conflicts caused by pluralism and differences and finally make people get rid of the burden of judgment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D64

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