本文選題：光纖布拉格光柵 + 應變傳感��； 參考：《重慶大學》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：光纖布拉格光柵(Fiber Bragg Grating,FBG)應變傳感系統(tǒng)因其獨特的優(yōu)勢,已在各行各業(yè)獲得了廣泛的應用。但在實際應用中,傳感系統(tǒng)會出現(xiàn)不同程度的性能退化、進而產(chǎn)生各種類型的故障,嚴重影響其推廣效果。這使得系統(tǒng)的可靠性成為了用戶最關注并亟待解決的共性難題。但因其牽涉面廣、技術難度高,且耗時費力、極難在理論上取得突破,因而難以受到研究人員足夠的重視,是光纖傳感研究領域最薄弱的環(huán)節(jié)。要在FBG應變傳感系統(tǒng)可靠性研究上取得突破,就必須從傳感器和解調(diào)儀這兩個關鍵環(huán)節(jié)入手,從傳感器與信號解調(diào)的基本原理出發(fā),深入研究FBG傳感元件在各種惡劣環(huán)境中的性能變化規(guī)律,研究傳感器封裝與安裝的應變傳遞特性,研究解調(diào)方法的魯棒性、評估解調(diào)結(jié)果的可信性。這既能為FBG傳感器的制造企業(yè)提供指導,也可以為FBG傳感器的用戶提供使用幫助,對促進FBG傳感技術、國民經(jīng)濟和國防事業(yè)的發(fā)展都具有重大的意義。為此,本文從FBG傳感元件、應變傳遞和傳感解調(diào)三大方面開展了深入研究,主要的研究內(nèi)容如下:(1)為了提供研究FBG可靠性基本的理論與方法,總結(jié)分析了FBG結(jié)構(gòu)的形成機理,提出了從光化學反應角度理解FBG折射率變化的思想;基于耦合模理論和傳輸矩陣法,推導了FBG光譜的仿真方法;總結(jié)分析了FBG光譜特征指標。(2)全面探索了FBG傳感元件在力學、溫度、和輻照環(huán)境中的性能變化規(guī)律。針對軸向、橫向作用力對FBG傳感特性影響研究歸納不全面的問題,分別推導了軸向、橫向受力對FBG光譜的影響模型,仿真了分析軸向、橫向作用力對FBG光譜影響的規(guī)律,并提出了確保FBG可靠傳感的許用條件。針對彎曲對FBG傳感特性影響機理不明確的問題,建立了彎曲對FBG光譜的影響模型,并結(jié)合此模型給出了確保FBG可靠傳感的彎曲條件。針對長期作用力下FBG光譜惡化機理與規(guī)律不明確的問題,通過理論分析和實驗得出了長期作用力下FBG光譜的惡化機理及惡化規(guī)律。針對溫度使用壽命不明確的問題,建立了FBG溫度壽命預測模型,并結(jié)合高溫加速老化實驗,低溫持續(xù)實驗和高低溫沖擊實驗預測了FBG在常規(guī)應用溫度環(huán)境(-40~80℃)下的壽命。針對輻照影響機理不明確的問題,建立了輻照對FBG光譜的影響模型,利用該模型揭示了輻照實驗中出現(xiàn)Bragg波長漂移差異性的機理。(3)為了全面探討FBG應變傳感器的應變傳遞特性,建立了廣義的應變傳遞模型,統(tǒng)一了目前形式各異的應變傳遞模型。針對目前應變傳遞特性研究存在的局限性,全面分析了粘接層對平均應變傳遞效率和FBG光譜的影響。在平均應變傳遞效率方面,基于FBG應變傳遞簡化模型推導了四種FBG應變傳遞形式的平均應變傳遞效率,然后具體分析了粘接層材料特性和幾何特征對FBG平均應變傳遞效率的穩(wěn)定性和一致性的影響,并給出了解決穩(wěn)定性和一致性的方法。在FBG光譜受粘接層的影響方面,建立了粘接層橫向應力對FBG光譜的影響模型,通過仿真及實驗探究了其影響規(guī)律,并給出避免FBG光譜因其發(fā)生畸變的方法。另外,從理論和實驗上探討了粘接層惡化對光譜信號的影響機理與規(guī)律。(4)為了優(yōu)化FBG解調(diào)軟件的解調(diào)算法、提升其魯棒性,從傳感系統(tǒng)的實際情況出發(fā),建立了FBG測量光譜的惡化模型,更加全面地刻畫了由FBG傳感器惡化形成的光譜畸變、FBG傳感系統(tǒng)引入的干涉噪聲、基線噪聲和高斯噪聲。在此基礎上,分析了光譜噪聲對目前有代表性的解調(diào)算法的影響,并相應地提出了提高解調(diào)算法魯棒性的改進方案。最后通過分析光譜畸變對解調(diào)算法的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)了利用光譜的黃金邊模抑制比進行解調(diào)結(jié)果可信性評估的方法,并通過實驗證實了方法的有效性,這解決了目前在實際應用中無法得知解調(diào)結(jié)果是否可信的難題;同時也發(fā)現(xiàn)魯棒性相對較高的是改進的相關算法和改進的直接尋峰解法,為用戶提供了解調(diào)算法選用的參考。
[Abstract]:Optical fiber Prague grating (Fiber Bragg Grating, FBG) strain sensing system has been widely used in all walks of life for its unique advantages, but in practical applications, the sensing system will have different degrees of performance degradation, and then produce various types of failures, which seriously affect the effect of its popularization. This makes the system reliability. However, it is difficult to make a breakthrough in theory because of its wide involvement, high technical difficulty and time-consuming and laborious, so it is difficult to get enough attention by researchers. It is the weakest link in the field of optical fiber sensing research. To make a breakthrough in the reliability research of FBG strain sensing system, it must be from sensing. Starting with the two key links of the demodulator and the demodulator, from the basic principle of sensor and signal demodulation, the performance changes of FBG sensor in various harsh environments are studied, the strain transmission characteristics of the sensor package and installation are studied, the robustness of the demodulation method is studied, and the credibility of the demodulation results is evaluated. This can be transmitted to FBG. The manufacturing enterprises of the sensor provide guidance, and can provide use help for the users of FBG sensors. It is of great significance to promote the FBG sensing technology, the national economy and the development of national defense. This paper has carried out in-depth research on the three aspects of FBG sensing elements, strain transmission and sensing demodulation. The main contents are as follows: (1) The theory and method to study the basic reliability of FBG are provided, the formation mechanism of the FBG structure is summarized and analyzed. The idea of understanding the change of FBG refractive index from the photochemical reaction angle is put forward. Based on the coupled mode theory and the transfer matrix method, the simulation method of the FBG spectrum is derived and the FBG spectral characteristic index is summarized and analyzed. (2) the FBG sensing is fully explored. The influence of the axial and lateral forces on the FBG sensing characteristics is not comprehensive. The influence of axial and transverse force on the FBG spectrum is deduced, and the influence of axial and transverse force on the FBG spectrum is analyzed, and the FBG can be ensured. According to the permissible condition of sensing, in view of the problem that the influence mechanism of bending on the FBG sensing characteristics is not clear, the influence model of the bending on the FBG spectrum is established, and the bending conditions to ensure the reliable sensing of FBG are given in combination with this model. In view of the problem that the mechanism and the law of the FBG spectrum deterioration under the long-term force are not clear, the theoretical analysis and experiments have been made. The deterioration mechanism and deterioration law of FBG spectra under long term force are made. The FBG temperature life prediction model is established for the problem of the uncertain temperature service life. Combined with high temperature accelerated aging experiment, low temperature continuous experiment and high and low temperature impact test, the life of FBG under the conventional temperature environment (-40~80 C) is predicted. The mechanism is not clear, and the effect of irradiation on the FBG spectrum is established. The mechanism of the difference of Bragg wavelength shift in the irradiation experiment is revealed. (3) in order to investigate the strain transfer characteristics of FBG strain sensor, a generalized strain transfer model is established, and the strain transfer model of different forms is unified. The influence of the adhesive layer on the average strain transfer efficiency and the FBG spectrum is analyzed. The average strain transfer efficiency of four FBG strain transfer forms is derived based on the FBG strain transfer simplified model. Then the material characteristics of the adhesive layer are analyzed. And the effect of geometric characteristics on the stability and consistency of FBG average strain transfer efficiency, and a method to solve the stability and consistency is given. In the influence of the FBG spectrum on the adhesive layer, the influence model of the transverse stress on the adhesive layer on the FBG spectrum is established. The influence rules are explored by simulation and experiment, and the cause of avoiding the FBG spectrum is also given. In addition, the mechanism and law of the influence of the adhesive layer deterioration on the spectral signal are discussed theoretically and experimentally. (4) in order to optimize the demodulation algorithm of FBG demodulation software and improve its robustness, the deterioration model of the FBG measurement spectrum is established from the actual situation of the sensing system, and the FBG sensor is depicted more comprehensively. The spectral distortion caused by the deterioration, interference noise, baseline noise and Gauss noise introduced by the FBG sensing system. On this basis, the influence of spectral noise on the present representative demodulation algorithm is analyzed, and an improved scheme for improving the robustness of the demodulation algorithm is proposed. The method to evaluate the credibility of the demodulation results by using the golden edge mode suppression ratio of the spectrum is presented, and the effectiveness of the method is proved by the experiment. This solves the problem that the demodulation results cannot be trusted in the actual application, and the improved correlation algorithm and the improved direct peak seeking are also found. The solution provides users with reference to the algorithm.
【學位授予單位】：重慶大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TP212

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本文編號：2031918