本文選題：亞毫米波 + 準(zhǔn)光技術(shù)��； 參考：《東南大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：亞毫米波介于微波毫米波與紅外之間,兼有二者的優(yōu)點(diǎn),同時(shí)又能克服它們的缺點(diǎn),使其在通信、目標(biāo)探測(cè)、制導(dǎo)、空間遙感等方面具有重大的科學(xué)價(jià)值和廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。單脈沖技術(shù)是一種精密角度測(cè)量技術(shù),已被廣泛應(yīng)用于各種衛(wèi)星通信及精確制導(dǎo)雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)中。近年來,微波毫米波頻段的單脈沖天線已經(jīng)得到了廣泛而深入的研究,但工作于亞毫米波頻段單脈沖天饋的研究尚未見到相關(guān)報(bào)道。鑒于此,本文對(duì)亞毫米波單脈沖天線進(jìn)行了一些相關(guān)的研究,這對(duì)于亞毫米波單脈沖天線的發(fā)展具有重大意義。論文主要工作和貢獻(xiàn)如下:1)研究了準(zhǔn)光和差比較器的基本原理并采用基于時(shí)域有限差分法(FDTD)的精確數(shù)值分析方法仿真、優(yōu)化準(zhǔn)光和差比較器的性能,在此基礎(chǔ)上基于準(zhǔn)光技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)了一種工作于亞毫米波頻段的單脈沖天饋系統(tǒng),提出了采用介質(zhì)棱鏡校正口徑面場(chǎng)分布的方法來改善和差輻射特性,有效地抑制了和波束的副瓣電平,并完成了實(shí)物的加工制作及實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試,測(cè)試結(jié)果與仿真結(jié)果吻合良好。2)介質(zhì)透鏡和衍射光學(xué)元件在亞毫米波準(zhǔn)光單脈沖天線方向圖改善方面的研究。首先通過對(duì)基本遺傳算法中選擇、交叉、變異算子的改進(jìn),提出了一種具有較強(qiáng)全局尋優(yōu)能力和收斂速度的改進(jìn)型遺傳算法,進(jìn)而結(jié)合時(shí)域有限差分方法(FDTD)和衍射積分公式(Stratton-Chu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)修正雙曲型介質(zhì)透鏡和衍射光學(xué)元件,使得準(zhǔn)光單脈沖天線的和差輻射特性得到了較好的改善。3)基于準(zhǔn)光技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)并實(shí)現(xiàn)了一種工作于亞毫米波頻段的單脈沖天線,該單脈沖天線主要由準(zhǔn)光和差比較器、波束波導(dǎo)饋電系統(tǒng)、卡塞格倫雙反射面構(gòu)成。四個(gè)橢球面反射鏡構(gòu)成的波束波導(dǎo)傳輸系統(tǒng)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)電磁波束的低損耗、高效傳輸及波束束腰變換,卡塞格倫雙反射面實(shí)現(xiàn)了高增益、低副瓣的方向圖輻射特性。最后,完成了所設(shè)計(jì)準(zhǔn)光單脈沖天線的實(shí)物加工和實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試,實(shí)測(cè)結(jié)果與仿真結(jié)果吻合良好,驗(yàn)證了設(shè)計(jì)的有效性。4)在亞毫米波頻段研究并設(shè)計(jì)了能夠同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)方位面、俯仰面和差輻射特性的二維準(zhǔn)光單脈沖天線。首先,基于矩陣論和傅里葉變換技術(shù)分析了準(zhǔn)光型法拉第旋轉(zhuǎn)器的特性,設(shè)計(jì)了應(yīng)用于收發(fā)隔離通道的準(zhǔn)光型環(huán)行器;其次設(shè)計(jì)了可雙極化工作的3dB波束分束器,進(jìn)而研究分析了所設(shè)計(jì)的二維準(zhǔn)光和差比較器的性能;然后基于遺傳算法優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)了一種介質(zhì)透鏡,使得所設(shè)計(jì)的二維準(zhǔn)光單脈沖天線的和差輻射特性得到了較大的改善;最后完成了整個(gè)單脈沖天線的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),為后續(xù)的實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:The sub-millimeter wave lies between microwave millimeter wave and infrared wave. It has the advantages of both, and it can overcome their shortcomings, which makes it have great scientific value and broad application prospect in communication, target detection, guidance, space remote sensing and so on. Monopulse technology is a kind of precise angle measurement technology, which has been widely used in various satellite communication and precision guidance radar systems. In recent years, the monopulse antenna of microwave millimeter wave band has been widely and deeply studied, but the research of monopulse antenna in sub-millimeter wave frequency band has not been reported. In view of this, this paper has carried on some related research to the sub-millimeter wave monopulse antenna, which has the great significance for the development of the sub-millimeter wave monopulse antenna. The main work and contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) the basic principle of quasi-optical and differential comparator is studied, and the performance of quasi-optical and differential comparator is optimized by using an accurate numerical analysis method based on FDTD (finite-difference time-domain method). On the basis of this, a monopulse antenna feed system working in submillimeter wave frequency band is designed based on quasi-optical technique. A method of correcting aperture field distribution by using dielectric prism is proposed to improve the harmonic radiation characteristics. The sidelobe level of the sum beam is effectively suppressed, and the fabrication of the object and the experimental test are completed. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results. 2) the study of improving the pattern of submillimeter wave quasi-monopulse antenna with dielectric lens and diffractive optical elements. By improving the selection, crossover and mutation operators in the basic genetic algorithm, an improved genetic algorithm with strong global optimization ability and convergence rate is proposed. Furthermore, the modified hyperbolic dielectric lens and diffractive optical element are optimized by using FDTD (finite difference time domain method) and the diffraction integral formula (Stratton-Chu). The sum difference radiation characteristics of quasi-optical monopulse antenna are improved better. 3) based on quasi-optical technology, a monopulse antenna working in sub-millimeter wave band is designed and implemented. The monopulse antenna is mainly composed of quasi-optical and differential comparator. The beam-guide feed system is composed of Cassegrain double reflector. The beam-guide transmission system composed of four ellipsoidal reflector can realize the low loss of electromagnetic beam, high efficiency transmission and beam waist transformation. Cassegrain double reflector realizes the radiation characteristics of high gain and low sidelobe. Finally, the design of quasi-optical monopulse antenna is processed and tested. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulation results, and the validity of the design. 4) in the sub-millimeter wave band is studied and the azimuth plane can be realized at the same time. Two-dimensional quasi-optical monopulse antenna with pitch plane and differential radiation characteristics. Firstly, based on matrix theory and Fourier transform technique, the characteristics of quasi-optical Faraday rotator are analyzed, and a quasi-optical circulator is designed for transceiver isolation channel. Secondly, a dual-polarizable 3dB beam splitter is designed. Then, the performance of the two-dimensional quasi-optical and differential comparator is studied and analyzed, and then a dielectric lens is optimized based on genetic algorithm, which improves the sum difference radiation characteristics of the two-dimensional quasi-optical monopulse antenna. Finally, the structure design of the monopulse antenna is completed, which lays a foundation for the subsequent experimental verification.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TN820

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