本文選題：TDLAS + 光纖甲烷傳感器�。� 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：能源是人類生存和發(fā)展的重要物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ),關(guān)系著國(guó)計(jì)民生和國(guó)家安全。在能源的開采利用過程中,生產(chǎn)安全成為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中的一項(xiàng)重要課題。近年來,國(guó)家對(duì)安全生產(chǎn)給予了極大的重視,安全生產(chǎn)事故總量呈下降趨勢(shì),但是重特大事故頻發(fā)且危害嚴(yán)重。在我國(guó)煤炭領(lǐng)域,瓦斯和自然發(fā)火是煤礦安全生產(chǎn)中的兩種主要災(zāi)害。針對(duì)瓦斯災(zāi)害,瓦斯監(jiān)測(cè)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)是監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警的主要手段。當(dāng)前煤礦監(jiān)測(cè)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的主要問題在于所用的催化燃燒式傳感器存在可靠性差,頻繁校準(zhǔn),壽命短、量程小等問題；傳統(tǒng)紅外傳感器存在易受背景氣體干擾,在高粉塵、高濕度環(huán)境無法正常使用,烯烴類氣體交叉干擾嚴(yán)重、功耗大等難題；這些傳感器已不能適應(yīng)礦山安全的需求。煤礦自然發(fā)火的預(yù)測(cè)預(yù)警主要采取氣體指標(biāo)分析預(yù)報(bào)辦法。傳統(tǒng)自然發(fā)火所用的痕量氣體檢測(cè)設(shè)備主要是色譜分析系統(tǒng),存在著設(shè)備復(fù)雜、操作復(fù)雜、分析速度慢、不能實(shí)現(xiàn)在線監(jiān)測(cè)等問題,限制了其應(yīng)用范圍。隨著技術(shù)進(jìn)步,改進(jìn)的束管系統(tǒng)采用紅外分析儀來代替部分色譜分析儀,加快了檢測(cè)速度,存在的缺陷是測(cè)量氣體種類少,無法實(shí)現(xiàn)存在較大交叉干擾的烯烴類痕量氣體檢測(cè)。因此現(xiàn)有檢測(cè)技術(shù)的缺陷限制了火災(zāi)預(yù)測(cè)預(yù)報(bào)技術(shù)的發(fā)展�；诩す夤庾V技術(shù)的光纖氣體檢測(cè)技術(shù)具有高分辨率、高選擇性、多組分以及低功耗等優(yōu)點(diǎn),成為工業(yè)有害氣體檢測(cè)的有效工具,能有效解決煤礦安全領(lǐng)域氣體檢測(cè)存在的問題,為煤礦災(zāi)害的預(yù)測(cè)預(yù)報(bào)提供可靠的數(shù)據(jù)保障。本論文來源于煤礦安全的實(shí)際需求。結(jié)合礦山安全的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀尤其煤礦安全對(duì)氣體檢測(cè)技術(shù)的需求,提出用可調(diào)諧激光光譜技術(shù)來解決煤礦瓦斯和火災(zāi)等主要災(zāi)害急需的氣體傳感產(chǎn)品的需求問題。通過調(diào)研分析,從儀器整體設(shè)計(jì)的主要矛盾出發(fā),討論了光纖氣體傳感系統(tǒng)中存在的激光器波長(zhǎng)漂移導(dǎo)致測(cè)量誤差的問題,痕量氣體檢測(cè)中光學(xué)噪聲的干擾問題,以及多組份檢測(cè)中存在的交叉干擾問題等；提出了一種基于預(yù)置零點(diǎn)背景氣體的痕量氣體檢測(cè)方法和基于多變量的交叉干擾去除方法；研制了低光學(xué)噪聲的探測(cè)器和光纖耦合長(zhǎng)光程氣室；開發(fā)了光纖甲烷傳感器和光纖多組份氣體傳感器；對(duì)傳感器性能進(jìn)行了全面的測(cè)試分析;并系統(tǒng)的在煤礦安全領(lǐng)域多個(gè)場(chǎng)合的進(jìn)行了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)研究。結(jié)果表明研制的光纖氣體傳感器具有良好的性能,滿足煤礦安全領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用需求。文章主要研究了以下幾個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容：1.通過調(diào)研分析,確定了課題研究方向。對(duì)激光光譜技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)理論知識(shí)進(jìn)行深入研究,通過光譜吸收技術(shù)一般理論以及激光吸收光譜的理論分析,為傳感器的研制提供了理論依據(jù)。2.研制基于激光吸收光譜技術(shù)的光纖甲烷傳感器。采用直接吸收光譜技術(shù),針對(duì)當(dāng)前光纖甲烷傳感器存在的易受光強(qiáng)擾動(dòng)和激光器漂移造成的穩(wěn)定性差和測(cè)量誤差大難題,提出基于參考光路與參考?xì)馐业淖孕?zhǔn)方案,有效消除了激光波長(zhǎng)漂移的影響。提出了一種基于最小二乘法的氣體校準(zhǔn)方法,通過阻尼最小二乘法提高了大量程范圍的測(cè)量精度。對(duì)研制的傳感器進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的性能和可靠性測(cè)試。3.分析了激光吸收光譜中對(duì)微量氣體分析中存在的問題,針對(duì)光器件中存在的光學(xué)噪聲,研制了低噪聲光電探測(cè)器；基于赫里奧特池原理研制了一種光纖耦合的長(zhǎng)光程檢測(cè)氣室。對(duì)不同的噪聲處理算法進(jìn)行了研究,采用傅里葉變換濾波算法較大抑制了光學(xué)干涉噪聲,采用卡爾曼濾波算法進(jìn)行測(cè)量結(jié)果的噪聲濾除,提高了測(cè)量穩(wěn)定性。4. 由于不同光學(xué)元件造成的背景波動(dòng),限制了系統(tǒng)的探測(cè)限的提升。為了進(jìn)一步提高系統(tǒng)檢測(cè)限,提出了一種基于預(yù)置零點(diǎn)的背景優(yōu)化痕量氣體檢測(cè)方法,結(jié)合最小二乘擬合算法實(shí)現(xiàn)了ppm級(jí)一氧化碳?xì)怏w的準(zhǔn)確、穩(wěn)定探測(cè)。5.根據(jù)多種氣體檢測(cè)的需求,提出了基于波分復(fù)用的激光器陣列的多氣體檢測(cè)技術(shù)方案。針對(duì)不同氣體之間測(cè)交叉干擾難題,結(jié)合多組分檢測(cè),提出了基于氣體濃度和光譜的多變量分析方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)了交叉干擾的有效去除。6.針對(duì)煤礦安全的需求,研究了一氧化碳、乙烯、乙炔等痕量氣體的檢測(cè),進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的測(cè)試,實(shí)現(xiàn)了氣體濃度的高靈敏度高精度檢測(cè)。7.結(jié)合現(xiàn)場(chǎng)需求,開展了光纖氣體傳感器在煤礦安全領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用研究,驗(yàn)證了傳感器應(yīng)用于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)量的可行性。通過本課題的研究,主要做了以下幾個(gè)方面的創(chuàng)新性工作：1.研制了一種光纖甲烷傳感器。針對(duì)當(dāng)前激光甲烷傳感器存在的易受光強(qiáng)擾動(dòng)和激光器輸出波長(zhǎng)漂移造成的穩(wěn)定性差和測(cè)量誤差大難題,提出基于參考光路與參考?xì)馐业淖孕?zhǔn)方案,有效消除了激光波長(zhǎng)的影響。開展了針對(duì)光纖甲烷傳感器的可靠性試驗(yàn),為傳感器未來的實(shí)際應(yīng)用打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。2.分析了光器件中存在的光學(xué)干涉噪聲,研制了一種低噪聲光電探測(cè)器,解決了探測(cè)器光學(xué)噪聲引起的檢測(cè)背景漂移難題。3.基于赫里奧特長(zhǎng)光程池原理,研制了一種光纖耦合的長(zhǎng)光程檢測(cè)氣室。氣室可以做為了獨(dú)立元件使用,也可以通過光纖進(jìn)行級(jí)聯(lián)形成更長(zhǎng)光程的氣室,方便了痕量氣體檢測(cè)技術(shù)的研究。4. 提出了一種基于預(yù)置零點(diǎn)的背景優(yōu)化氣體檢測(cè)方案。采用參考?xì)馐遗c傳感氣室的級(jí)聯(lián)實(shí)現(xiàn)了傳感信號(hào)背景的增強(qiáng),有效消除了噪聲造成的背景波動(dòng),結(jié)合最小二乘擬合和卡爾曼濾波算法最終實(shí)現(xiàn)了ppm級(jí)一氧化碳?xì)怏w的準(zhǔn)確穩(wěn)定探測(cè)。5.基于波分復(fù)用方式實(shí)現(xiàn)了多激光器陣列的多組分氣體檢測(cè)技術(shù),結(jié)合多變量分析方法,有效減小氣體交叉干擾對(duì)檢測(cè)結(jié)果的影響。研制了光纖多組分氣體檢測(cè)儀。
[Abstract]:Energy is an important material basis for the survival and development of human beings, which is related to the national economy and the people's livelihood and national security. In the process of exploitation and utilization of energy, production safety has become an important subject in the economic development. In recent years, the state has paid great attention to the safety production, and the total amount of safety production accidents is declining, but the important event is so frequent. In the field of coal, gas and natural fire are the two main disasters in the safety production of coal mine. In view of the gas disaster, the gas monitoring and monitoring system is the main means of monitoring and early warning. The main problem of the current coal mine monitoring and control system is the poor reliability and frequent calibration of the catalytic combustion sensor used. The traditional infrared sensors are easy to be disturbed by the background gas, can not be used normally in the high dust, high humidity environment, the cross interference of the olefin gas is serious, and the power consumption is big. These sensors are unable to meet the needs of the mine safety. The prediction and early warning of the spontaneous combustion of coal mine mainly adopts the gas index points. The trace gas detection equipment used in traditional natural fire is mainly the chromatographic analysis system, which has complicated equipment, complicated operation, slow analysis speed, can not realize on-line monitoring and so on. It restricts its application range. With the progress of technology, the improved beam tube system adopts infrared analyzer instead of partial chromatograph analyzer. The detection speed has been speeded up, and the defect is that there are few kinds of gas and can not realize trace gas detection with large cross interference. Therefore, the defects of the existing detection technology restrict the development of fire prediction and prediction technology. The optical fiber gas detection technology based on laser spectroscopy has high resolution, high selectivity and multi component. With the advantages of low power consumption and so on, it has become an effective tool for the detection of industrial harmful gas. It can effectively solve the existing problems of gas detection in the field of coal mine safety and provide reliable data guarantee for the prediction and prediction of coal mine disasters. This paper is derived from the actual demand of coal mine safety. The demand of the technology of tunable laser spectroscopy is proposed to solve the demand problem of gas sensing products which are urgently needed in coal mine gas and fire disaster. The problem of measurement error caused by laser wavelength drift in the optical fiber gas sensing system is discussed by the main contradiction of the overall design of the instrument. The interference of optical noise in trace gas detection, as well as the cross interference in multicomponent detection, etc., a trace gas detection method based on the preset zero background gas and the cross interference removal method based on multi variable is proposed, and a low optical noise detector and a optical fiber coupled long range gas chamber are developed. The fiber optic methane sensor and optical fiber multi component gas sensor were sent, and the performance of the sensor was tested and analyzed. The field test was carried out on several occasions in the field of coal mine safety. The results show that the developed fiber gas sensor has good performance and meets the application demand in the field of coal mine safety. The main contents are as follows: 1. through investigation and analysis, the research direction of the subject is determined. The basic theoretical knowledge of laser spectroscopy is deeply studied. Through the general theory of spectral absorption technology and the theoretical analysis of the laser absorption spectrum, the theoretical basis of the research of the sensor is provided by.2.. Direct absorption spectroscopy is used to solve the problem of poor stability and measurement error caused by light intensity disturbance and laser drift in current fiber optic methane sensor. A self calibration case based on reference light path and reference gas chamber is proposed, which effectively eliminates the influence of laser wavelength drift. A gas calibration method based on least square method is developed, and the measurement accuracy of a large range of range is improved by the damped least square method. A detailed performance and reliability test for the developed sensor is carried out to analyze the problems in the analysis of the trace gas in the laser absorption spectrum and the optical noise in the optical device,.3.. A low noise photodetector is developed, and a fiber coupled long path detection gas chamber is developed based on the principle of the herb pool. The different noise processing algorithms are studied. The Fourier transform filtering algorithm is used to suppress the optical interference noise, and the Calman filter algorithm is used to filter the noise of the measurement results. In order to further improve the detection limit of the system, a background optimization trace gas detection method based on the preset zero point is proposed in order to further improve the detection limit of the system. In order to further improve the detection limit of the system, a method based on the least square fitting algorithm is proposed to achieve the accuracy of the carbon monoxide gas of the ppm level and the stable detection of.5, in order to further improve the detection limit of the system. According to the demand of multi gas detection, a multi gas detection scheme for laser array based on wavelength division multiplexing is proposed. In view of the cross interference problem between different gases and multi component detection, a multivariable analysis method based on gas concentration and spectrum is proposed, which realizes the effective removal of.6. against coal mine safety. The detection of trace gases such as carbon monoxide, ethylene, acetylene and other trace gases was studied. The high sensitivity and high precision detection of.7. combined with the field requirement was realized. The application of optical fiber gas sensor in the field of coal mine safety was carried out, and the feasibility of the sensor used in the field measurement was verified. The research of the problem is made in the following aspects: 1. developing a fiber optic methane sensor. Aiming at the difficulty of the stability and measurement error caused by the light intensity disturbance and the laser output wavelength drift in the current laser methane sensor, a self calibration scheme based on the reference light path and the reference gas chamber is proposed. The effect of laser wavelength is eliminated effectively. The reliability test for optical fiber methane sensor is carried out. The optical interference noise in the optical device is analyzed for the practical application of the sensor in the future. A low noise photodetector is developed, which solves the difficulty of detecting background drift caused by the optical noise of the detector. Problem.3. based on the principle of the long light path pool, a fiber coupled long path detection gas chamber is developed. The gas chamber can be used for independent components and can be cascaded through fiber to form a gas chamber with longer light range. The study of trace gas detection technology is convenient..4. proposed a background optimized gas examination based on the preset zero point. Using the cascade of reference gas chamber and sensing chamber to enhance the background of the sensing signal, the background fluctuation caused by noise is eliminated effectively. The accurate and stable detection of PPM carbon monoxide gas is realized by the least square fitting and Calman filter algorithm, and the multi laser array is realized based on the wavelength division multiplexing mode of.5.. Multi component gas detection technology, combined with multivariable analysis method, effectively reduces the influence of gas cross interference on the detection results. A multi component gas detector is developed.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TP212

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 劉威;氣體傳感器的研究與發(fā)展[J];化工時(shí)刊;2000年09期

2 吳玉鋒,田彥文,韓元山,翟玉春;氣體傳感器研究進(jìn)展和發(fā)展方向[J];計(jì)算機(jī)測(cè)量與控制;2003年10期

3 馬戎,周王民,陳明;氣體傳感器的研究及發(fā)展方向[J];航空計(jì)測(cè)技術(shù);2004年04期

4 馬黎君;;氣體傳感器的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及前景研究[J];中國(guó)科技信息;2005年21期

5 高京衛(wèi);韓毅;;淺談氣體傳感器的標(biāo)定[J];工業(yè)計(jì)量;2008年02期

6 ;氣體傳感器[J];傳感器世界;2009年03期

7 黃楠韜;;幾種重要的氣體傳感器的特性分析[J];華北科技學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2009年03期

8 趙應(yīng)艷;王育波;;氣體傳感器的應(yīng)用及發(fā)展[J];科技創(chuàng)新導(dǎo)報(bào);2010年12期

9 梅娜;;集成氣體傳感器概述[J];電子技術(shù)與軟件工程;2013年09期

10 易惠中;國(guó)外半導(dǎo)體氣體傳感器的發(fā)展概況[J];電子元件與材料;1986年03期

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前10條

1 黨恒耀;趙進(jìn)宣;郭興敏;;氣體傳感器在工業(yè)中的應(yīng)用[A];2010年全國(guó)冶金物理化學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議專輯（下冊(cè)）[C];2010年

2 萬吉高;黎鼎鑫;王錦芬;黎淑萍;秦國(guó)義;莊滇湘;;貴金屬在氣體傳感器中的應(yīng)用[A];中國(guó)有色金屬學(xué)會(huì)第三屆學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議論文集——科學(xué)技術(shù)論文部分[C];1997年

3 孟麗娜;邱成軍;左霞;;硅基微結(jié)構(gòu)酞菁鋅薄膜氣體傳感器[A];中國(guó)傳感器產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展論壇暨東北MEMS研發(fā)聯(lián)合體研討會(huì)論文集[C];2004年

4 魏廣芬;唐禎安;陳正豪;余雋;王立鼎;;微氣體傳感器的穩(wěn)定性測(cè)試研究[A];中國(guó)微米、納米技術(shù)第七屆學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)年會(huì)論文集（二）[C];2005年

5 曹廷炳;薛面起;;無溶液聚合法制備聚噻吩膜及其在氣體傳感器方面的應(yīng)用[A];2007年全國(guó)高分子學(xué)術(shù)論文報(bào)告會(huì)論文摘要集（上冊(cè)）[C];2007年

6 劉志軍;;礦用氣體傳感器校驗(yàn)裝置[A];中國(guó)計(jì)量協(xié)會(huì)冶金分會(huì)2009年年會(huì)論文集[C];2009年

7 王天榮;張洪泉;;α-Fe_2O_3氣體傳感器的可靠性分配[A];第六屆全國(guó)氣濕敏傳感器技術(shù)學(xué)術(shù)交流會(huì)論文集[C];2000年

8 張立春;徐開來;呂弋;侯賢燈;;基于微納米材料的催化發(fā)光氣體傳感器[A];第十六屆全國(guó)分子光譜學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議論文集[C];2010年

9 羅蘭;呂弋;;測(cè)定揮發(fā)性有機(jī)污染物的化學(xué)發(fā)光氣體傳感器研究[A];四川省第十一次環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)學(xué)術(shù)交流會(huì)論文集[C];2010年

10 漆奇;王憲輝;;新型氣體傳感器與分析設(shè)備[A];第七屆中國(guó)功能材料及其應(yīng)用學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議論文集（第7分冊(cè)）[C];2010年

相關(guān)重要報(bào)紙文章 前6條

1 于柏林邋張兆軍;氣體傳感器技術(shù)研究獲突破[N];科技日?qǐng)?bào);2007年

2 記者 常麗君;智能氣體傳感器探測(cè)化學(xué)藥品更靈敏[N];科技日?qǐng)?bào);2012年

3 柏林;我掌握電化學(xué)氣體傳感器核心技術(shù)[N];中國(guó)化工報(bào);2007年

4 高辰;物聯(lián)天下 傳感先行[N];人民郵電;2013年

5 本報(bào)記者 諸玲珍;物聯(lián)天下 傳感先行[N];中國(guó)電子報(bào);2010年

6 何彪;美研制人形船用滅火機(jī)器人[N];中國(guó)國(guó)防報(bào);2012年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 朱存光;TDLAS譜線畸變產(chǎn)生機(jī)理與校正技術(shù)研究[D];山東大學(xué);2015年

2 周泳;基于MWCNTs和RGO的電阻式氣體傳感器的基礎(chǔ)研究[D];電子科技大學(xué);2014年

3 馮昌浩;基于一維金屬氧化物納米材料氣敏特性的研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2016年

4 朱玲輝;基于金屬氧化物和金屬硫化物納米材料的氣體傳感器研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2016年

5 胡小龍;基于分等級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)氧化銦材料的NO_2氣體傳感器研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2016年

6 解濤;有機(jī)薄膜晶體管的制備及其氣敏性能的研究[D];電子科技大學(xué);2016年

7 陳月皎;微納結(jié)構(gòu)金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體氣體傳感器的制備及性能研究[D];湖南大學(xué);2015年

8 魏玉賓;光纖氣體傳感器及其安全工程應(yīng)用中的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究[D];山東大學(xué);2016年

9 劉麗;硅基微結(jié)構(gòu)氣體傳感器的研制[D];吉林大學(xué);2008年

10 魏廣芬;基于微熱板式氣體傳感器的混合氣體檢測(cè)及分析[D];大連理工大學(xué);2006年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 于婧怡;基于聚苯胺及其復(fù)合材料的QCM氣體傳感器研究[D];大連交通大學(xué);2015年

2 申國(guó)鑫;鎳基介孔金屬氧化物的制備及其在氣體傳感器中的應(yīng)用[D];寧夏大學(xué);2015年

3 孫霞;NO_x氣體傳感器的研制[D];上海應(yīng)用技術(shù)學(xué)院;2015年

4 雷菊華;基于SPP效應(yīng)的新型氣體傳感器的研究[D];重慶理工大學(xué);2015年

5 劉宏美;基于催化發(fā)光原理的VOCs氣體傳感器研究[D];延安大學(xué);2015年

6 劉凱強(qiáng);溫度分布及應(yīng)力可調(diào)的微熱板式氣體傳感器[D];大連理工大學(xué);2015年

7 黃俊龍;基于石墨烯的新型氣體傳感器研究[D];電子科技大學(xué);2015年

8 郭慧;基于可調(diào)諧激光吸收光譜技術(shù)的氣體檢測(cè)解調(diào)系統(tǒng)研究[D];電子科技大學(xué);2014年

9 李曉龍;基于絲素蛋白的有機(jī)場(chǎng)效應(yīng)管氣體傳感器的研究[D];電子科技大學(xué);2015年

10 康婷;基于QCM的二氧化碳?xì)怏w傳感器的性能研究[D];電子科技大學(xué);2015年

，

本文編號(hào)：1782799