本文關(guān)鍵詞：光學(xué)三維成像數(shù)據(jù)的自動(dòng)量化分析方法與應(yīng)用的研究　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 光學(xué)三維成像 自動(dòng)量化分析 三維圖像處理 立體視覺(jué) 光學(xué)相干層析成像 柔性激光加工 生物醫(yī)學(xué)成像

【摘要】：基于光學(xué)原理的三維成像方法是人們對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)三維世界作立體感知的重要手段,近年來(lái),伴隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)和光電子器件的快速發(fā)展,光學(xué)三維成像數(shù)據(jù)在圖像的分辨率、信噪比、數(shù)據(jù)量上均比傳統(tǒng)的成像手段有了大幅的提升。但是,在獲得了這些高質(zhì)量的成像數(shù)據(jù)后,如何高效地對(duì)其進(jìn)行分析成為了一個(gè)新的難題：一方面,在如生物醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域上的許多應(yīng)用中,仍存在對(duì)人工分析和解讀的大量依賴,這些人工方法已不能滿足大數(shù)據(jù)條件下的分析要求,使用計(jì)算機(jī)來(lái)進(jìn)行自動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)分析已成為大勢(shì)所趨；另一方面,三維成像獲得的數(shù)據(jù)總是冗余的,需要從背景中將真正有意義的目標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)提取出來(lái),而這一過(guò)程往往還涉及了對(duì)一些關(guān)于三維目標(biāo)的幾何結(jié)構(gòu)、動(dòng)態(tài)特性等關(guān)鍵參數(shù)的量化測(cè)量。在這一背景下,本文針對(duì)光學(xué)三維成像數(shù)據(jù)的自動(dòng)量化分析方法進(jìn)行了研究：首先,在光學(xué)三維成像數(shù)據(jù)的分析理論上,回顧和總結(jié)了當(dāng)前圖像分析和處理的一般性理論框架,針對(duì)光學(xué)工程領(lǐng)域?qū)α炕瘻y(cè)量的需求,提出了一種新的多層次三維數(shù)據(jù)自動(dòng)量化分析體系,打通了從三維成像到圖像分析再到圖像伺服之間的通路,為光學(xué)三維成像的數(shù)據(jù)后處理方法提供了一個(gè)較為完善的框架。其次,在三維成像數(shù)據(jù)的空間關(guān)系校準(zhǔn)方法上,研究了單視圖和多視圖的空間關(guān)系校正方法,提出了適用于多種立體視覺(jué)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)的傳感器內(nèi)外部參數(shù)校準(zhǔn)方案,顯著提升了三維成像測(cè)量的精度。此外,還對(duì)三維圖像伺服中多變換共存的空間關(guān)系校準(zhǔn)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了研究,提出了一種伺服投影矩陣的量化校準(zhǔn)方案,實(shí)現(xiàn)了三維圖像數(shù)據(jù)空間與現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中的伺服機(jī)構(gòu)坐標(biāo)系的精確校準(zhǔn)。再次,在三維圖像數(shù)據(jù)的特征提取方法上,分別從三維圖像的邊緣特征檢測(cè)和區(qū)域分割算法上重點(diǎn)開展了研究：首先,在分析了當(dāng)前三維圖像的特征提取方法的研究現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了一種基于動(dòng)態(tài)規(guī)劃算法的邊緣檢測(cè)方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)了穩(wěn)定性較高的連續(xù)的單線線條提取；其次,還提出了一種使用區(qū)域?qū)傩詠?lái)對(duì)生長(zhǎng)過(guò)程進(jìn)行約束的區(qū)域生長(zhǎng)和分割的算法思想,結(jié)合實(shí)際應(yīng)用設(shè)計(jì)的算法在層析堆疊圖像的區(qū)域分割中取得了比傳統(tǒng)方法更為優(yōu)秀的特征提取效果。再次,在三維目標(biāo)的自動(dòng)量化評(píng)價(jià)方法上,進(jìn)行了三維目標(biāo)的模型簡(jiǎn)化、目標(biāo)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的自動(dòng)量化測(cè)量等方法的研究,提出了一種利用投影空間關(guān)系來(lái)統(tǒng)一二維-三維數(shù)據(jù)的混合量化分析方法,擴(kuò)展了分析方法的適用范圍。此外,還提出了一種通過(guò)對(duì)二維圖像特征提取精度的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析來(lái)反推三維數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量的方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)了在硬件結(jié)構(gòu)確定的情況下僅通過(guò)圖像分析來(lái)進(jìn)行三維成像精度的量化判定。最后,在光學(xué)三維成像數(shù)據(jù)的自動(dòng)量化分析方法的應(yīng)用上,分別對(duì)立體視覺(jué)伺服的柔性激光加工、基于立體視覺(jué)的羽毛形貌質(zhì)量量化評(píng)價(jià)、基于內(nèi)窺OCT的呼吸道管壁多層結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)據(jù)的自動(dòng)分析、以及基于多普勒OCT的大腦動(dòng)脈血流動(dòng)態(tài)特性的量化分析等若干三維數(shù)據(jù)分析應(yīng)用開展了探索。通過(guò)根據(jù)這些應(yīng)用的實(shí)際需求來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)分析方法,提出了一些具有針對(duì)性的自動(dòng)量化分析手段和系統(tǒng),取得了較好的分析效果�？傊�,本文針對(duì)光學(xué)三維成像的數(shù)據(jù)分析問(wèn)題展開了較全面的研究,主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新性體現(xiàn)在提出了一些具有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性和普適性的三維圖像數(shù)據(jù)自動(dòng)量化分析的新方法,大幅提高了三維圖像數(shù)據(jù)分析的效率,在一定程度上解決了當(dāng)前對(duì)光學(xué)三維成像數(shù)據(jù)的自動(dòng)量化分析方法的迫切需求。
[Abstract]:The 3D imaging method based on optical principle is an important means of people to make stereo perception of reality 3D world in recent years, with the rapid development of computer technology and optoelectronic devices, optical 3D imaging data in image resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, the amount of data than the traditional imaging methods have been greatly improved. But and with these high quality imaging data, how to efficiently analyze it becomes a new problem: on the one hand, many applications in biomedical fields such as the, still exist to rely heavily on manual analysis and interpretation, these artificial methods cannot satisfy the requirement of big data analysis the use of computer, to carry out automatic data analysis has become represent the general trend; on the other hand, 3D imaging data obtained are always redundant, need from the background will be truly meaningful target data extraction Take out, and this process is often involved on the 3D object geometry, quantitative measurement of key parameters of dynamic characteristics. In this background, this paper aimed at the automatic quantification of optical 3D imaging data analysis methods are studied: firstly, the theoretical analysis on the optical 3D imaging data, and review summarizes the general theoretical framework of the current image analysis and processing, according to the demand for quantitative measurement of optical engineering field, proposes a new three-dimensional multi-level data automatic quantitative analysis system, open from 3D imaging to image analysis and image between the servo channel, provides a better framework for optical the 3D imaging data postprocessing method. Secondly, the spatial relationship of calibration of 3D imaging data, study the correction method of single view and multi view spatial relations, is proposed The internal and external parameters of the sensor calibration scheme is applicable to a variety of stereo vision system, significantly enhance the 3D imaging accuracy. In addition, the spatial relationship of 3D image servo calibration problem of multi transform coexistence, is proposed to quantify the calibration scheme of a servo projection matrix, to achieve accurate calibration of servo coordinate system the 3D image data space and in the real world. Once again, in the feature extraction method of three-dimensional image data, respectively from the edge feature of 3D image detection and segmentation algorithm focuses on the research: firstly, based on the analysis of the present status of the feature extraction method of 3D images on a the detection method of dynamic programming algorithm based on edge to achieve higher stability of the continuous single line extraction; secondly, it proposes a region is used To carry out regional growth and constraints on the growth process of the segmentation algorithm, combined with the practical application of the design algorithm has better characteristics than the traditional extraction method results in segmentation of the image stack chromatography. Again, the automatic quantitative evaluation method in three-dimensional target, simplified 3D target model. Research on automatic quantitative measurement method of target structure parameters, is proposed by using the projection space relationship to unify two hybrid quantization 3D data analysis method, expanded the scope of analysis method. In addition, it is presented by using the method of statistical analysis to the accuracy of the extraction quality of 3D data on backstepping 2D image feature and realizes the quantitative judgment of 3D imaging accuracy through image analysis only identified in the hardware structure. Finally, the automatic optical 3D imaging data The quantitative analysis of the application of the method, flexible laser processing of stereo visual servoing respectively, evaluation of feather morphology quality quantization based on stereo vision, automatic analysis of endoscopic OCT airway wall multilayer structure based on the data flow, and Doppler OCT of the cerebral arterial blood based on the characteristics of quantitative analysis of 3D data analysis applications have been done. Through exploration. According to the actual needs of these applications to the analysis and design method, put forward some specific quantitative analysis method and the automatic system, have achieved good results. In conclusion, based on data analysis of optical 3D imaging were studied comprehensively, the main innovation is reflected in some unique a new method of 3D image analysis and quantitative data automatic adaptive P, improve the efficiency of 3D image data, to a certain degree The urgent need for the automatic quantitative analysis of the optical three-dimensional imaging data is solved.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TP391.41
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本文編號(hào)：1376650