【摘要】：根植于19世紀(jì)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)社會(huì)的哈貝馬斯公共領(lǐng)域理論,為追求民主的人們規(guī)劃了一幅介于國(guó)家和社會(huì)之間,公民可自由且理性的對(duì)社會(huì)公共事務(wù)發(fā)表看法、意見而不受政府干涉的公共空間藍(lán)圖。雖然公共領(lǐng)域依舊是理論化的存在,但它形成所需要依附的媒介,從最初的報(bào)紙到現(xiàn)在的互聯(lián)網(wǎng),為其形成提供著不同的媒介環(huán)境和條件。尤其當(dāng)下移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為公民參與公共表達(dá)提供并不斷優(yōu)化這樣的條件,塑造一個(gè)又一個(gè)公民可發(fā)聲的公共空間,網(wǎng)絡(luò)被認(rèn)定具有內(nèi)在的民主化潛力,特別是自媒體時(shí)代下的網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共空間有著最適合公共領(lǐng)域誕生的土壤,被業(yè)界給予很高的期望,放置我國(guó),國(guó)內(nèi)外的學(xué)者認(rèn)為這些自媒體平臺(tái)或許能夠促進(jìn)中國(guó)民主公共領(lǐng)域的出現(xiàn)。從而掀起對(duì)自媒體平臺(tái)構(gòu)建公共領(lǐng)域的研究熱潮。然而目前研究最為爭(zhēng)議的恰恰就是網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共領(lǐng)域存在與否的問題。更多研究表明,尤其是微博代表的自媒體平臺(tái),其自身技術(shù)性、網(wǎng)民參與性等各方原因,構(gòu)建的公共空間離理想公共領(lǐng)域差距巨大。原因在于這些自媒體平臺(tái)所構(gòu)建的公共話語(yǔ)空間公共理性的缺失。所以,本文避開目前公共領(lǐng)域有無的爭(zhēng)議,而將本研究視角放置于關(guān)乎"網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共領(lǐng)域"誕生的關(guān)鍵前提之一,即公共話語(yǔ)空間的理性問題。而理性公共話語(yǔ)建立在公共說理基礎(chǔ)之上,所以試圖以新生的理性自媒體平臺(tái)-知乎為研究對(duì)象,立足相關(guān)理論,結(jié)合其產(chǎn)品機(jī)制和用戶調(diào)查綜合分析,驗(yàn)證知乎公共說理氛圍的培育情況,嘗試判斷知乎這一自媒體公共空間理性程度。序言闡述了本次研究的背景和意義,對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外的重要文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了綜述和評(píng)價(jià),并對(duì)本研究的主要內(nèi)容和方法作了簡(jiǎn)要的闡述。第一章立足公共說理理論,結(jié)合公共說理構(gòu)建框架,對(duì)現(xiàn)存自媒體空間普遍理性匱缺進(jìn)行了分析;第二章總結(jié)了知乎對(duì)于培育公共說理氛圍,構(gòu)建理性公共話語(yǔ)空間所做的嘗試;第三章綜合知乎用戶公共說理情況調(diào)查的數(shù)據(jù)分析,來驗(yàn)證知乎公共說理機(jī)制的效果;第四章為完善知乎公共說理氛圍,構(gòu)建更為理性的公共空間提出相關(guān)建議。本研究認(rèn)為,在自媒體公共空間普遍缺乏理性,缺乏說理氛圍的大環(huán)境下,以知識(shí)青年主體引領(lǐng)說理、以多樣化準(zhǔn)則規(guī)范公共說理、與用戶共同把關(guān)說理對(duì)象、以多元化充實(shí)說理形式的知乎,這一理性自媒體公共空間,就其產(chǎn)品機(jī)制而言符合公共說理構(gòu)建要素;并且通過對(duì)知乎用戶公共說理情況的調(diào)查分析可得,知乎高質(zhì)量的說理主體讓用戶理性思考能力得到顯著提升、高質(zhì)量的多元說理對(duì)象讓用戶獲得理性且有價(jià)值的信息、高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的多方說理規(guī)范對(duì)知乎用戶發(fā)言起到了理性約束引導(dǎo)作用、多元化的說理形式使得知乎用戶獲得了理性說理的參與感,綜合通過用戶調(diào)查,證明了知乎公共說理氛圍的培育有一定的成效,顯現(xiàn)出理性的"百家爭(zhēng)鳴"的說理氛圍雛形。但與此同時(shí)還需要從幾個(gè)方面去完善相關(guān)機(jī)制,從而更好的營(yíng)造良好的公共說理氛圍。
[Abstract]:Habermas'theory of public sphere, rooted in bourgeois society in the 19th century, provides a blueprint of public space between the state and society in which citizens can express their opinions freely and rationally on social public affairs without interference by the government. Although the public sphere is still theoretical, it does exist. From the original newspaper to the Internet, the formation of the necessary media provides different media environment and conditions. Especially at present, the mobile Internet provides and constantly optimizes the conditions for citizens to participate in public expression, creating a public space for citizens to voice, and the network is recognized as having an inherent citizen. The potential of autonomy, especially since the Internet public space in the media age has the soil most suitable for the birth of the public sphere, has been given high expectations by the industry. Scholars at home and abroad believe that these self-Media platforms may promote the emergence of China's democratic public sphere. However, the most controversial issue is whether the network public sphere exists or not. More studies show that, especially the self-Media platform represented by micro-blog, its own technical, netizen participation and other reasons, the construction of public space is far from the ideal public sphere. The reason is that these self-Media platforms are constructed. Therefore, this paper avoids the controversy in the current public sphere, and places the research perspective on one of the key premises of the birth of the "network public sphere", namely, the rationality of the public discourse space. Rational self-Media platform-knowledge as the research object, based on relevant theories, combined with its product mechanism and user survey comprehensive analysis, verify the cultivation of public reasoning atmosphere, try to judge the rational degree of self-Media public space. The preface expounds the background and significance of this study, and carries out an important literature at home and abroad. The first chapter is based on the theory of public reasoning, combined with the framework of public reasoning construction, analyzes the general lack of rationality in the existing self-Media space; the second chapter summarizes the experience of knowledge in cultivating the atmosphere of public reasoning and constructing rational public discourse space. Chapter 3 is to verify the effect of the public reasoning mechanism by analyzing the data collected from the survey on the public reasoning of users. Chapter 4 is to put forward some suggestions for improving the public reasoning atmosphere and building a more rational public space. Under the guidance of young intellectuals, standardizing public reasoning with diversified criteria, and jointly checking the reasoning objects with users, and enriching the reasoning form with diversification, this rationality from the media public space, in terms of its product mechanism, conforms to the elements of public reasoning construction; and through the investigation and analysis of the public reasoning situation of users It can be concluded that high-quality reasoning subjects can significantly improve the rational thinking ability of users, high-quality multi-reasoning objects enable users to obtain rational and valuable information, high-standard multi-reasoning norms play a rational role in restricting and guiding users to speak, and diversified reasoning forms enable users to acquire rational thinking. The sense of participation in reasoning has proved that the cultivation of public reasoning atmosphere is effective and shows the rudiment of rational reasoning atmosphere.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G206

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