【摘要】：在人類迫切需要認識、研究海洋和吳立新院士“透明海洋”戰(zhàn)略計劃提出的大背景下,海底地質災害相關研究也愈發(fā)成為各界人士關注的熱點問題之一。而海底孔隙水壓力作為一項反映海底地質災害發(fā)生過程中的重要參數(shù),其監(jiān)測工作的重大意義不言而喻。現(xiàn)在,傳統(tǒng)的傳感器由于各種缺點很難應用于海底超孔隙水壓力監(jiān)測方面,而光纖光柵傳感器由于其抗電磁干擾、抗腐蝕、電絕緣、高靈敏度和低成本以及與普通光纖良好的兼容性等優(yōu)點被越來越廣泛地應用。同時,壓差式超孔隙水壓力傳感器由于其能在深海海底直接測得超孔隙水壓力值,故其發(fā)展對海底地質災害的監(jiān)測起到至關重要的作用。本論文圍繞光纖光柵傳感器在海底超孔隙水壓力監(jiān)測方面的應用研究,開展了以下幾個方面的工作。(1)概述了海底(超)孔隙水壓力理論和監(jiān)測的研究現(xiàn)狀和光纖光柵傳感器的研究現(xiàn)狀,詳細介紹了光纖光柵傳感器的原理和優(yōu)勢。(2)研制了光纖光柵超孔隙水壓力傳感器,過程中對光纖材料的耐腐蝕性和耐壓性能進行了試驗。試驗結果表明光纖材料在高壓、腐蝕條件下具有穩(wěn)定的波長值,涂覆光纖光柵比裸露的光纖光柵材料具有更強的穩(wěn)定性,所以選擇涂覆光纖材料,其在高壓和腐蝕條件下完全能夠滿足深海超孔隙水壓力傳感器的材料要求。研制出的光纖光柵超孔隙水壓力傳感器標定擬合曲線R2能達到0.9999,線性良好。(3)設計與研制了配套的搭載光纖光柵超孔隙水壓力傳感器的探桿及其監(jiān)測系統(tǒng),并對搭載光纖光柵超孔隙水壓力傳感器的探桿進行了靈敏性試驗,室內水槽試驗來模擬海底環(huán)境驗證其實用性。數(shù)據(jù)分析顯示,光纖光柵超孔隙水壓力傳感器不僅能夠與試驗過程中傳統(tǒng)的壓阻式傳感器的監(jiān)測結果相吻合,同時也體現(xiàn)了良好的穩(wěn)定性和高靈敏度的特性,驗證了光纖光柵傳感器在超孔隙水壓力監(jiān)測領域的應用是成功的嘗試。(4)對試驗數(shù)據(jù)進行了全面分析,結果驗證了相關理論。通過人工造波和人工施加振動荷載兩種方式使“海床”產(chǎn)生超孔隙水壓力,并通過傳統(tǒng)的壓阻式孔隙水壓力傳感器、土壓力傳感器和光纖光柵傳感器監(jiān)測“海床”產(chǎn)生超孔隙水壓力的情況。監(jiān)測結果驗證了彈性海床動力響應的相關結論：海床超靜孔隙水壓力的幅值隨深度的增加而減小,有效應力幅值在海床表面下較淺區(qū)域內達到最大值；與海床表面波壓力相比,海床內孔隙水壓力和有效應力通常存在相位遲滯現(xiàn)象。應認識到,本論文做的工作僅僅是光纖光柵傳感器在海床超孔隙水壓力監(jiān)測方面起步階段的嘗試工作,大量相關研究亟待開展,結合實際監(jiān)測需要,不斷改進光纖光柵傳感器在超孔隙水壓力監(jiān)測方面的技術和設備,使該技術從實驗室走向實際應用,必定會為科研和生產(chǎn)帶來巨大的推動。
[Abstract]:Under the background of the strategic plan of "transparent Ocean" proposed by academician Wu Lixin and the urgent need to understand, the research on submarine geological hazards has become one of the hot issues that people from all walks of life pay more and more attention to. As an important parameter to reflect the process of submarine geological disasters, the monitoring work of pore water pressure is of great significance. Nowadays, traditional sensors are difficult to be used in monitoring the pressure of sea floor pore water due to their various shortcomings, while fiber Bragg grating sensors are resistant to electromagnetic interference, corrosion resistance and electrical insulation. The advantages of high sensitivity, low cost and good compatibility with common optical fiber are more and more widely used. At the same time, the development of pressure differential super-pore water pressure sensor plays an important role in monitoring submarine geological hazards because it can directly measure the value of excess pore water pressure on the deep seabed. This paper focuses on the application of fiber Bragg grating sensors in monitoring the pressure of seabed pore water. The following work has been carried out. (1) the research status of the theory and monitoring of the sea floor (excess) pore water pressure and the research status of fiber Bragg grating sensors are summarized. The principle and advantages of fiber Bragg grating sensor are introduced in detail. (2) the fiber Bragg grating super-pore water pressure sensor is developed. During the process, the corrosion resistance and pressure resistance of fiber optic materials are tested. The experimental results show that the fiber material has a stable wavelength value under high pressure and corrosion conditions, and the coated fiber grating material is more stable than the bare fiber grating material. Under the condition of high pressure and corrosion, it can fully meet the material requirements of deep-sea super-pore water pressure sensor. The calibration curve R2 of fiber Bragg grating super-pore water pressure sensor is 0.9999, and the linearity is good. (3) A probe rod and its monitoring system are designed and developed with fiber Bragg grating super-pore water pressure sensor. The sensitivity test of the probe rod carrying fiber Bragg grating (FBG) super-pore water pressure sensor was carried out, and the indoor flume test was used to simulate the seabed environment to verify its practicability. The data analysis shows that the fiber Bragg grating super-pore water pressure sensor can not only accord with the monitoring results of the traditional piezoresistive sensor, but also show good stability and high sensitivity. The application of fiber Bragg grating sensor in the field of pore water pressure monitoring is proved to be a successful attempt. (4) the experimental data are comprehensively analyzed and the relevant theory is verified. The "seabed" is subjected to excess pore water pressure by artificial wave making and vibration loading, and the traditional piezoresistive pore water pressure sensor is used. Earth pressure sensors and fiber Bragg grating sensors monitor the excess pore water pressure in the seabed. The monitoring results verify the relevant conclusions of dynamic response of elastic seabed: the amplitude of excess pore water pressure of seabed decreases with the increase of depth, and the amplitude of effective stress reaches the maximum value in the shallow area below the seabed surface, which is compared with the surface wave pressure of seabed. The pore water pressure and effective stress in the seabed usually have phase hysteresis phenomenon. It should be recognized that the work done in this paper is only a preliminary work of fiber Bragg grating sensors in the initial stage of monitoring the excess pore water pressure of the seabed, and a large number of related studies need to be carried out urgently, combined with the actual monitoring needs. Continuously improving the technology and equipment of fiber Bragg grating sensor in monitoring pore water pressure, making the technology from laboratory to practical application, will certainly bring great impetus to scientific research and production.
【學位授予單位】：中國海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TP212

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