本文選題：多普勒效應 + 光電探測器��； 參考：《西安工業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在工程領域中,速度測量廣泛用來測量物體的動態(tài)特性,基于多普勒效應的測速技術是一種重要的檢測手段。本文為了解決通信波段高速光電探測器設計技術和高速多普勒信號采集與處理技術作為光纖激光多普勒測量的主要核心技術,但國內研究并不多且尚未有好的解決方案的問題,重點研究了光電探測器設計方案和多普勒信號處理算法,對全光纖激光多普勒測量光路進行了分析和設計,搭建了實驗測量裝置,分別對光路、探測器和解算算法進行了實驗驗證和精度分析,以保證激光多普勒測量技術實際應用中的穩(wěn)定性。主要研究內容如下:1.比較了四種零差檢測光路,解決了全光纖激光速度干涉儀存在的信號光功率損耗大、多普勒信號對比度低等問題。分析了反射光耦合方式、參考光產(chǎn)生的方式;計算了光路的損耗以及多普勒信號的對比度;設計了四種光路的對比性實驗,分別測量了光損耗以及多普勒信號的對比度;根據(jù)實驗分析的結果,確定了最優(yōu)光路。2.介紹了高速光電探測器的工作原理;針對探測器多普勒信號信噪比低的問題,分析了信噪比的影響因素,選擇銦鉀砷(InGaAs)PIN型光電二極管作為光電轉換器件,光電二極管工作在光伏模式(零偏置);設計了光電探測器的前置放大電路和主放大電路;針對高速電路和提高信噪比,介紹了探測器PCB設計的注意事項。3.分析了三種多普勒信號處理算法:基于時頻分布的瞬時頻率估計方法、Tikhonov正則化數(shù)值微分算法和正弦函數(shù)擬合算法。根據(jù)綜合分析選用基于時頻分析的瞬時頻率估計方法,選擇升余弦加權去噪算法作為信號數(shù)字去噪算法。4.設計了激光多普勒測量系統(tǒng)的全光纖光路系統(tǒng)和信號處理電路板。光路系統(tǒng)采用1550nm波長激光器、光纖耦合器、隔離器等光纖無源器件;電路板采用FPGA作為核心處理器,高速AD和以太網(wǎng)作為數(shù)據(jù)采集和傳輸器件,搭建了實驗裝置。再分別用喇叭和音圈電機作為測試對象對光纖光路、光電探測器和信號解調算法進行了驗證,結果表明探測器以及光路和電路設計可行,信號處理算法滿足精度要求,系統(tǒng)測量相對誤差小于1%。實驗驗證了測量系統(tǒng)的可靠性和精度。
[Abstract]:In the field of engineering, velocity measurement is widely used to measure the dynamic characteristics of objects, and velocity measurement based on Doppler effect is an important method. In order to solve the problem that the design technology of high speed photodetector in communication band and the acquisition and processing technology of high speed Doppler signal are the main core technologies of optical fiber laser Doppler measurement, there are few domestic researches and no good solutions. The design scheme of photodetector and the algorithm of Doppler signal processing are studied emphatically. The optical path of all-fiber laser Doppler measurement is analyzed and designed. In order to ensure the stability of laser Doppler measurement technology, the detector and calculation method is verified by experiments and precision analysis. The main research contents are as follows: 1. Four homodyne detection methods are compared to solve the problems of high power loss of signal and low contrast of Doppler signal in all fiber laser velocity interferometer. The coupling mode of reflected light and the way of producing reference light are analyzed, the loss of optical path and the contrast of Doppler signal are calculated, the contrast experiments of four kinds of optical path are designed, the optical loss and contrast of Doppler signal are measured, respectively. According to the results of experimental analysis, the optimal light path. 2. This paper introduces the working principle of high speed photodetector, analyzes the influence factors of signal-to-noise ratio, and selects InGaAs PIN photodiode as photoelectric conversion device, aiming at the problem of low signal-to-noise ratio of detector Doppler signal. The photodiode works in photovoltaic mode (zero bias), the preamplifier circuit and main amplifier circuit of photodetector are designed, and the attention of PCB design of detector is introduced for high speed circuit and improving signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Three Doppler signal processing algorithms are analyzed: Tikhonov regularization numerical differential algorithm and sinusoidal function fitting algorithm based on time-frequency distribution. According to the comprehensive analysis, the instantaneous frequency estimation method based on time-frequency analysis is selected, and the lifting cosine weighted de-noising algorithm is chosen as the signal digital denoising algorithm .4. The all-fiber optical circuit system and signal processing circuit board of laser Doppler measurement system are designed. 1550nm wavelength laser, fiber coupler, isolator and other passive optical fiber devices are used in the optical circuit system, and the circuit board is used as the core processor, and high-speed AD and Ethernet are used as data acquisition and transmission devices. The optical fiber optical circuit, photoelectric detector and signal demodulation algorithm are verified by using horn and voice coil motor as test objects respectively. The results show that the detector, optical circuit and circuit design are feasible, and the signal processing algorithm can meet the precision requirements. The relative error of system measurement is less than 1. The reliability and accuracy of the measurement system are verified by experiments.
【學位授予單位】：西安工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN15

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