本文選題：本體推理 + 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)設(shè)計(jì)��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)自誕生以來(lái)一直影響著人們的日常生活,方便了數(shù)據(jù)的存儲(chǔ)和共享。在當(dāng)前數(shù)據(jù)膨脹的時(shí)代,如何有效地管理各種各樣的信息資源,是信息系統(tǒng)的核心工作,也是我們不斷研究的重要方向。在現(xiàn)實(shí)應(yīng)用中,經(jīng)常會(huì)由于各種實(shí)際問(wèn)題給數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)設(shè)計(jì)帶來(lái)了很多困難。例如:數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)設(shè)計(jì)者的領(lǐng)域知識(shí)缺乏,用戶的需求表達(dá)不明確,用戶和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)設(shè)計(jì)者在溝通表達(dá)上存在理解的差異等。實(shí)體關(guān)系模型(ER模型)作為概念模型的一種工具能夠?qū)F(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的信息抽象為圖形化的表示形式,進(jìn)而直觀的表達(dá)概念和概念之間的關(guān)系。ER模型可以有效地解決數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中存在的問(wèn)題,因此設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)完善的實(shí)體關(guān)系模型是數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)設(shè)計(jì)的核心工作。隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,領(lǐng)域?qū)＜覍㈩I(lǐng)域知識(shí)上傳到網(wǎng)絡(luò)上供大家使用,人們借助于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的開放性和共享性實(shí)現(xiàn)了信息的互聯(lián)。領(lǐng)域本體不僅能夠形式化的表示領(lǐng)域知識(shí),而且能夠進(jìn)行推理,人們可以通過(guò)本體推理技術(shù)和規(guī)則從領(lǐng)域本體中獲取希望得到的信息。本文利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)上豐富的本體資源和領(lǐng)域知識(shí)作為數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源,提出了一種新的構(gòu)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的方法。結(jié)合用戶需求,通過(guò)自定義的算法和規(guī)則,使用本體推理技術(shù)獲取符合用戶需求的實(shí)體關(guān)系模型。本文將詳細(xì)地介紹如何使用本體推理技術(shù)從本體知識(shí)中獲取ER模型,并通過(guò)一個(gè)通用的大學(xué)本體對(duì)本文提出的方法進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。此外,為了驗(yàn)證本文提出的方法具有普遍適用性,隨機(jī)選取了多個(gè)領(lǐng)域的不同本體進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn),進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證了我們提出的方法是可行有效的。本文使用本體推理技術(shù),不僅能夠獲取顯性的領(lǐng)域知識(shí)而且能夠蘊(yùn)含隱含的知識(shí),為ER模型的構(gòu)建提供了豐富的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源。借助于本文提出的方法,一方面很好的彌補(bǔ)了設(shè)計(jì)者對(duì)于領(lǐng)域知識(shí)缺乏的不足;另一方面始終以用戶需求為出發(fā)點(diǎn),能夠保證最終構(gòu)建的ER模型符合用戶的實(shí)際需求,減少了設(shè)計(jì)者和用戶反復(fù)溝通確認(rèn)的繁瑣流程。本文研究的主要內(nèi)容有以下幾方面:(1)根據(jù)用戶給出的需求術(shù)語(yǔ),利用本體查詢工具找到網(wǎng)絡(luò)上相應(yīng)的本體資源作為元數(shù)據(jù)(metabase),調(diào)用推理機(jī)獲取本體中的概念層次關(guān)系,然后對(duì)元數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行預(yù)處理。(2)根據(jù)預(yù)處理得到的概念集合,通過(guò)推薦實(shí)體集的操作模塊獲取最終用于構(gòu)建ER模型的實(shí)體集。主要包括三個(gè)處理過(guò)程:首先對(duì)預(yù)處理得到的概念集合進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展,使用本文提出的算法結(jié)合本體推理技術(shù),獲取初始實(shí)體集(initial Entities簡(jiǎn)寫為init Entities),然后根據(jù)自定義的刪除規(guī)則對(duì)初始實(shí)體集中的部分概念進(jìn)行刪除,得到候選實(shí)體集(candidate Entities,簡(jiǎn)寫為candi Entities),最后通過(guò)自定義的修改規(guī)則對(duì)候選實(shí)體集中孤立的概念進(jìn)行修改,得到最終用于構(gòu)建ER模型的實(shí)體集(Entities)。(3)使用實(shí)體集(Entities)和本體推理技術(shù)獲取實(shí)體集之間的關(guān)系集。為了使最終的ER模型簡(jiǎn)潔明了,根據(jù)自定義的修改規(guī)則對(duì)存在包含關(guān)系的關(guān)系集進(jìn)行修改,獲取最終用于構(gòu)建ER模型的關(guān)系集。(4)使用本體推理技術(shù),獲取關(guān)系類型和屬性,并對(duì)子概念(sub Class)繼承父概念(super Class)屬性的情況加以介紹。通過(guò)獲取關(guān)系類型和屬性,對(duì)只有實(shí)體集和關(guān)系集的簡(jiǎn)易ER模型進(jìn)行了豐富,在保證滿足用戶需求的基礎(chǔ)上,使得ER模型表達(dá)的語(yǔ)義更加豐富。
[Abstract]:Since the birth of the database has been affecting people's daily life, it is convenient for the storage and sharing of data. In the current time of data expansion, how to manage all kinds of information resources effectively is the core work of the information system, and it is also an important direction for our continuous research. In practical applications, it is often due to various practical problems. There are many difficulties in database design, such as lack of domain knowledge of database designers, uncertainty of user requirements expression, and differences in understanding between users and database designers in communication expression. The entity relationship model (ER model) can abstract the information of real life into graphics as a tool for conceptual model. The expression form, and then intuitively express the relationship between concepts and concepts,.ER model can effectively solve the problems existing in the process of database design, so designing a perfect entity relationship model is the core work of database design. With the continuous development of network technology, domain experts upload domain knowledge to the network. For everyone to use, people have realized the interconnection of information with the help of the openness and sharing of the network. Domain ontology can not only form a formal representation of domain knowledge, but also can carry out reasoning. People can obtain the desired information from the domain ontology through the ontology reasoning technology and rules. This paper uses the rich ontology resources on the network. And domain knowledge as a data source, a new method of building a database is proposed. Based on user requirements and custom algorithms and rules, ontology reasoning is used to obtain the entity relationship model which meets the requirements of users. This paper will introduce how to use ontology technology to obtain ER model from ontology knowledge. A general university ontology has verified the method proposed in this paper. In addition, in order to verify the universal applicability of the method proposed in this paper, we randomly select the different ontology of various fields to carry out experiments, and further verify that the method proposed is feasible and effective. This paper can not only obtain dominance using ontology reasoning technology. The domain knowledge and the implicit knowledge can provide a rich source of data for the construction of the ER model. With the help of the method proposed in this paper, it is good to make up for the shortage of the designer for the lack of domain knowledge. On the other hand, we always take the user needs as the starting point, and can guarantee the final construction of the ER model to conform to the user. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) according to the requirement terms given by the user, the ontology resources on the network are found by the ontology query tool as metadata (metabase), and the reasoning machine is called to obtain the concept hierarchy in the ontology. Then the metadata is preprocessed. (2) according to the concept set obtained by preprocessing, the entity set which is finally used to build the ER model is obtained by the operation module of the recommended entity set. It mainly includes three processing processes: first, it extends the concept set obtained by preprocessing, and uses the algorithm proposed in this paper to combine the ontology reasoning technology to obtain the initial stage. The entity set (initial Entities is init Entities), and then deletes part concepts of the initial entity set according to the custom deletion rules, and gets the candidate entity set (candidate Entities, the short term as candi Entities). Finally, the concept of the candidate entity is isolated by the custom modification rules, and finally the concept of the candidate entity is modified. The entity set (Entities) is used to build the ER model. (3) using the entity set (Entities) and ontology reasoning technology to obtain the relationship set between the entity sets. In order to make the final ER model concise and clear, according to the custom modification rules, the relation set of the existence relation is modified, and the relationship set which is finally used to build the ER model is obtained. (4) the use of this model is used. The body reasoning technology obtains relation type and attribute, and introduces the case of inheriting parent concept (super Class) attribute of sub Class. By obtaining relation type and attribute, it enriches the simple ER model with only entity set and relation set, and makes the semantics of ER model more expressed on the basis of guaranteeing the requirement of the user. Rich.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TP311.13

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本文編號(hào)：1895026