本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于零磁通原理的微電流傳感器的研制　出處：《太原理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 微電流傳感器 零磁通 有源補(bǔ)償 無(wú)源補(bǔ)償 LabVIEW

【摘要】：高壓電力設(shè)備的絕緣在線監(jiān)測(cè)是確保電力系統(tǒng)安全運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的重要技術(shù)手段,其中高精度微電流傳感器是實(shí)現(xiàn)電力系統(tǒng)絕緣狀態(tài)在線監(jiān)測(cè)不可或缺的工具。它涉及電氣保護(hù)、電能計(jì)量、電控等相關(guān)領(lǐng)域,擔(dān)負(fù)著采集信號(hào)的任務(wù),是整個(gè)在線監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)中的重要組成部分。因此,電流傳感器的測(cè)量精度和工作可靠性與電力系統(tǒng)的安全運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)直接相關(guān)。測(cè)量用電流傳感器一般安裝在高壓開(kāi)關(guān)領(lǐng)域,工作時(shí)容易受到強(qiáng)電磁場(chǎng)的干擾。并且,在電力線路或設(shè)備的絕緣在線監(jiān)測(cè)中,需要測(cè)量的泄漏電流的數(shù)量級(jí)均在微安級(jí),普通的小電流傳感器難以滿足需求。綜上所述,設(shè)計(jì)一種測(cè)量精度高,靈敏度好,適用于強(qiáng)電磁場(chǎng)環(huán)境的微電流傳感器對(duì)于電氣設(shè)備絕緣狀態(tài)的在線監(jiān)測(cè)具有重要研究意義。本文基于零磁通原理研制了一種準(zhǔn)確度可達(dá)到0.2級(jí)的微電流傳感器。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:首先,將單匝穿心式電流傳感器作為研究對(duì)象。根據(jù)電磁感應(yīng)原理建立了電磁式電流傳感器的等效電路圖并推導(dǎo)出誤差公式,得出造成測(cè)量誤差的主要原因是激磁電流。根據(jù)誤差公式從電流傳感器的磁芯結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)、二次側(cè)負(fù)載阻抗、二次側(cè)繞組匝數(shù)、和磁芯材料等幾個(gè)方面對(duì)影響誤差的因素進(jìn)行分析,設(shè)計(jì)了電流傳感器的感應(yīng)部分。為進(jìn)一步減小誤差,需增設(shè)外部補(bǔ)償手段。首先闡述了有源補(bǔ)償及無(wú)源補(bǔ)償兩種方法。在此基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)了基于零磁通原理的整體補(bǔ)償方案。該方案將有源電子電路補(bǔ)償方法與三次繞組并聯(lián)阻抗的無(wú)源補(bǔ)償方法結(jié)合,使磁芯達(dá)到“零磁通”狀態(tài),從而使得測(cè)量誤差最小。為驗(yàn)證該補(bǔ)償方案的正確性,基于Simulink建立了帶有零磁通補(bǔ)償?shù)奈㈦娏鱾鞲衅髂Ｐ?并與傳統(tǒng)電流傳感器的模型進(jìn)行對(duì)比性仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)。仿真結(jié)果表明帶有零磁通補(bǔ)償?shù)奈㈦娏鱾鞲衅鬏^傳統(tǒng)的電流傳感器誤差有所減小,提高了測(cè)量精度,證明了該補(bǔ)償模型的正確性。設(shè)計(jì)了有源補(bǔ)償?shù)挠布娐芬约靶盘?hào)處理電路。其中補(bǔ)償電路實(shí)現(xiàn)的功能是將感應(yīng)電壓處理變換成補(bǔ)償電流送入二次側(cè)繞組,對(duì)輸出電流進(jìn)行相位幅值的補(bǔ)償。信號(hào)處理電路主要對(duì)二次側(cè)輸出的微弱信號(hào)進(jìn)行調(diào)理,方便后續(xù)處理及檢測(cè)。以LabVIEW為軟件平臺(tái)設(shè)計(jì)了微電流傳感器的誤差測(cè)量程序,該程序可以實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)采集、數(shù)字濾波、波形顯示、比差及角差測(cè)量的功能。經(jīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)室測(cè)試,該程序運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定、可靠、交互性強(qiáng)、顯示內(nèi)容豐富。在實(shí)驗(yàn)室環(huán)境下搭建測(cè)試平臺(tái),對(duì)微電流傳感器的硬件、軟件各個(gè)部分進(jìn)行測(cè)試。通過(guò)對(duì)微電流傳感器的誤差測(cè)量結(jié)果表明,設(shè)計(jì)的微電流傳感器可以測(cè)量μA~mA級(jí)的工頻電流,增設(shè)的補(bǔ)償電路可以有效的減小測(cè)量誤差,提高測(cè)量準(zhǔn)確度。整體運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定,各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)要求。
[Abstract]:On-line insulation monitoring of high-voltage power equipment is an important technical means to ensure the safe operation of power system. High-precision micro-current sensor is an indispensable tool to realize on-line monitoring of power system insulation, which involves electrical protection, electric energy measurement, electrical control and other related fields, which is responsible for the task of collecting signals. Is an important part of the whole online monitoring system. The measuring accuracy and reliability of the current sensor are directly related to the safe operation of the power system. The current sensor used in the measurement is generally installed in the field of high voltage switch, and is vulnerable to the interference of the strong electromagnetic field. In the insulation on-line monitoring of power line or equipment, the order of magnitude of leakage current to be measured is in the microampere level, the ordinary small current sensor is difficult to meet the demand. In conclusion, a kind of measuring accuracy is high. Good sensitivity. The micro-current sensor suitable for strong electromagnetic field environment is of great significance for on-line monitoring of insulation state of electrical equipment. Based on the principle of zero flux, a micro-current sensor with accuracy of 0.2 grade has been developed in this paper. The main contents of the study are as follows:. First. Based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, the equivalent circuit diagram of electromagnetic current sensor is established and the error formula is deduced. According to the error formula, the structure parameters of magnetic core, the load impedance of secondary side and the turn number of secondary side winding are obtained. In order to further reduce the error, the inductive part of the current sensor is designed by analyzing the factors affecting the error in several aspects, such as magnetic core material and so on. Two methods of active compensation and passive compensation are introduced. On this basis, an integral compensation scheme based on the principle of zero flux is designed, which combines the compensation method of active electronic circuit with the third winding. The passive compensation method of parallel impedance is combined. In order to verify the correctness of the compensation scheme, a micro-current sensor model with zero flux compensation is established based on Simulink. The simulation results show that the error of the micro-current sensor with zero flux compensation is smaller than that of the traditional current sensor, and the measurement accuracy is improved. The correctness of the compensation model is proved. The hardware circuit and signal processing circuit of active compensation are designed. The function of the compensation circuit is to convert the inductive voltage into the compensation current into the secondary winding. The phase amplitude of the output current is compensated. The signal processing circuit mainly adjusts the weak signal output from the secondary side. Using LabVIEW as the software platform, the error measurement program of micro-current sensor is designed. The program can realize data acquisition, digital filtering and waveform display. Through the laboratory test, the program runs stably, reliably, interactively, and has rich display content. The test platform is built in the laboratory environment, and the hardware of the micro-current sensor is built. The error measurement results of the micro current sensor show that the designed micro current sensor can measure the power frequency current of 渭 AmA level. The additional compensation circuit can effectively reduce the measurement error and improve the accuracy of the measurement. The whole operation is stable and the indexes meet the design requirements.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TP212;TM855

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